4.3: Treating phobias

Question 1

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks)​

Answer 1

Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning​

Question 2

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
What is the patient given?

Answer 2

The patient is given relaxation training​

Question 3

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, why?

Answer 3

The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition​

Question 4

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - What?

Answer 4

The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist​

Question 5

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
How does the relaxation component of systematic desensitisation work?

Answer 5

The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies​

Question 6

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as what?

Answer 6

The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing

Question 7

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
What is formed before systematic desensitisation commences?

Answer 7

An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences

Question 8

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
What does this involve?

Answer 8

This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy​

Question 9

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, how?

Answer 9

This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios​

Question 10

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to do what?

Answer 10

This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm​

Question 11

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to what?

Answer 11

This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction

Question 12

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 12

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias

Question 13

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
Example

Answer 13

For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects

Question 14

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
What does this show?

Answer 14

This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias

Question 15

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 15

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias​

Question 16

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like what?

Answer 16

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding​

Question 17

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
Why is this?

Answer 17

This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies​

Question 18

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where what?

Answer 18

This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment​

Question 19

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example what)?

Answer 19

This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT)

Question 20

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, what?

Answer 20

Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties

Question 21

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it what?

Answer 21

Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable

Question 22

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 22

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective

Question 23

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
What are more effective than systematic desensitisation?​

Answer 23

Other treatments for phobias are more effective than systematic desensitisation

Question 24

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like what, are more effective than systematic desensitisation?

Answer 24

Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation

Question 25

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, why?

Answer 25

Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster

Question 26

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
Example

Answer 26

For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements

Question 27

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, what?

Answer 27

However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference

Question 28

Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference.
What does this show?

Answer 28

This shows that systematic desensitisation may not be as effective as other treatments for phobias

Question 29

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks)

Answer 29

Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted

Question 30

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
What is prevented?

Answer 30

Avoidance is prevented​

Question 31

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and what happens to anxiety?

Answer 31

Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides​

Question 32

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Why does flooding stop phobic responses very quickly?

Answer 32

Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless

Question 33

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
What is this process called?

Answer 33

This process is called extinction

Question 34

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
When is a learned response extinguished?

Answer 34

A learned response is extinguished when the CS is encountered without the UCS

Question 35

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example what) is encountered without the UCS?

Answer 35

A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS

Question 36

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example what)?

Answer 36

A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten)

Question 37

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
What is the result?

Answer 37

The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR

Question 38

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (what)?

Answer 38

The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear)

Question 39

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 39

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients​

Question 40

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
What will be at its peak?

Answer 40

Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak​

Question 41

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, why?

Answer 41

Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear​

Question 42

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, what?

Answer 42

As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment​

Question 43

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although what is obtained?

Answer 43

Although informed consent is obtained

Question 44

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can do what if they wish?

Answer 44

Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish

Question 45

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, what is possible?

Answer 45

Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur

Question 46

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, what?

Answer 46

However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects

Question 47

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, what did they conclude?

Answer 47

Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias

Question 48

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 48

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias​

Question 49

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
Example

Answer 49

For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey​

Question 50

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
What does this show?

Answer 50

This shows that flooding is a highly effective and also very rapid treatment for phobias​

Question 51

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, what?

Answer 51

However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness

Question 52

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
What is not known?

Answer 52

It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia

Question 53

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so what?

Answer 53

It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective

Question 54

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 54

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias​

Question 55

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like what?

Answer 55

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation​

Question 56

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation.
Why is this?

Answer 56

This is because it can be used even with babies​

Question 57

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation.
This is because it can be used even with babies.
Example

Answer 57

For example, Solter found that flooding was used on a 5 month old baby.​
After 2 months, the baby had no remaining symptoms and follow-up evaluations for one year revealed normal development with no return of symptoms​

Question 58

Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.​
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation.
This is because it can be used even with babies.
For example, Solter found that flooding was used on a 5 month old baby.​
After 2 months, the baby had no remaining symptoms and follow-up evaluations for one year revealed normal development with no return of symptoms.
What does this suggest?

Answer 58

This suggests that flooding is effective and also broadly applicable​

Question 59

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks)

Answer 59

Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning

Question 60

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
What is the patient given?

Answer 60

The patient is given relaxation training

Question 61

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, why?

Answer 61

The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition

Question 62

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - What?

Answer 62

The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist

Question 63

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
What is formed?

Answer 63

An anxiety hierarchy is formed

Question 64

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and what happens to the patient?

Answer 64

An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it

Question 65

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, how?

Answer 65

An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach​

Question 66

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to what?

Answer 66

An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction​

Question 67

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

What is flooding?

Answer 67

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted

Question 68

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
What is prevented?

Answer 68

Avoidance is prevented

Question 69

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and what happens to anxiety?

Answer 69

Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides

Question 70

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 70

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias​

Question 71

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
Example

Answer 71

For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects​

Question 72

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
What does this show?

Answer 72

This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias​

Question 73

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 73

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients​

Question 74

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
What will be at its peak?

Answer 74

Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak​

Question 75

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, why?

Answer 75

Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear​

Question 76

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, what?

Answer 76

As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment​

Question 77

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although what is obtained?

Answer 77

Although informed consent is obtained​

Question 78

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can do what if they wish?

Answer 78

Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish​

Question 79

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, what is possible?

Answer 79

Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur​

Question 80

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, what?

Answer 80

However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects​

Question 81

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, what?

Answer 81

Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias​

Question 82

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 82

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective

Question 83

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
What are more effective than systematic desensitisation?

Answer 83

Other treatments for phobias are more effective than systematic desensitisation

Question 84

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like what, are more effective than systematic desensitisation?

Answer 84

Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation

Question 85

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, why?

Answer 85

Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster

Question 86

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
Example

Answer 86

For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements

Question 87

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, what?

Answer 87

However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference

Question 88

Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.

Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference.
What does this show?

Answer 88

This shows that systematic desensitisation may not be as effective as other treatments for phobias