4.3: Treating phobias Flashcards
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks)
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
What is the patient given?
The patient is given relaxation training
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, why?
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - What?
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
How does the relaxation component of systematic desensitisation work?
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as what?
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
What is formed before systematic desensitisation commences?
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
What does this involve?
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, how?
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to do what?
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to what?
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
Example
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
What does this show?
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like what?
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
Why is this?
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where what?
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example what)?
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT)
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, what?
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it what?
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
What are more effective than systematic desensitisation?
Other treatments for phobias are more effective than systematic desensitisation
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like what, are more effective than systematic desensitisation?
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, why?
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
Example
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, what?
However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference
Outline and evaluate systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
The relaxation component of systematic desensitisation works by patients learning in stages to replace fear responses with feelings of calm by using relaxation strategies, such as slowing their breathing.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed before systematic desensitisation commences.
This involves creating a scale of feared types of contact with a phobic object/situation and patients then working through the hierarchy, from the least to the most feared scenarios, using relaxation strategies to create sensations of calm, leading to eventual extinction.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like flooding.
This is because it is generally suitable for a wide range of patients and requires less cognitive effort from the client than other psychotherapies, where a patient must play a more active role in their treatment (for example CBT).
Because of this, systematic desensitisation can be used even with children or clients with severe learning difficulties, making it broadly applicable.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference.
What does this show?
This shows that systematic desensitisation may not be as effective as other treatments for phobias
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks)
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
What is prevented?
Avoidance is prevented
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and what happens to anxiety?
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Why does flooding stop phobic responses very quickly?
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
What is this process called?
This process is called extinction
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
When is a learned response extinguished?
A learned response is extinguished when the CS is encountered without the UCS
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example what) is encountered without the UCS?
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example what)?
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten)
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
What is the result?
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (what)?
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear)
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
What will be at its peak?
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, why?
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, what?
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although what is obtained?
Although informed consent is obtained
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can do what if they wish?
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, what is possible?
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, what?
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, what did they conclude?
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
Example
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
What does this show?
This shows that flooding is a highly effective and also very rapid treatment for phobias
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, what?
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
What is not known?
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so what?
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like what?
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation.
Why is this?
This is because it can be used even with babies
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation.
This is because it can be used even with babies.
Example
For example, Solter found that flooding was used on a 5 month old baby.
After 2 months, the baby had no remaining symptoms and follow-up evaluations for one year revealed normal development with no return of symptoms
Outline and evaluate flooding as a treatment for phobias (16 marks).
Flooding is that patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
Flooding stops phobic responses very quickly, because without the option for avoidance behaviour, the patient quickly learns that the phobic stimulus is harmless.
This process is called extinction.
A learned response is extinguished when the CS (for example a dog) is encountered without the UCS (for example being bitten).
The result is that the CS no longer produces the CR (fear).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for flooding as a treatment for phobias.
For example, Wolpe treated a girl with agoraphobia by putting her into the back of a car and driving her around for 4 hours.
Her fear initially rose to hysterical panic, but then receded and she was completely calm by the end of the journey.
However, this was a case study, with no data on long-term effectiveness.
It is not known if she was permanently cured of her phobia, so more evidence is needed before flooding can be concluded as effective.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that flooding is more appropriate than other treatments for phobias, like systematic desensitisation.
This is because it can be used even with babies.
For example, Solter found that flooding was used on a 5 month old baby.
After 2 months, the baby had no remaining symptoms and follow-up evaluations for one year revealed normal development with no return of symptoms.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that flooding is effective and also broadly applicable
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks)
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
What is the patient given?
The patient is given relaxation training
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, why?
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - What?
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
What is formed?
An anxiety hierarchy is formed
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and what happens to the patient?
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, how?
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to what?
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
What is flooding?
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
What is prevented?
Avoidance is prevented
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and what happens to anxiety?
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
Example
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
What does this show?
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
What will be at its peak?
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, why?
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, what?
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although what is obtained?
Although informed consent is obtained
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can do what if they wish?
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, what is possible?
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, what?
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, what?
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
What are more effective than systematic desensitisation?
Other treatments for phobias are more effective than systematic desensitisation
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like what, are more effective than systematic desensitisation?
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, why?
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
Example
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, what?
However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference
Describe and evaluate the behavioural approach to treating phobias (16 marks).
Systematic desensitisation is based on classical conditioning.
The patient is given relaxation training, because of the principle of reciprocal inhibition - Fear and relaxation cannot coexist.
An anxiety hierarchy is formed and the patient is gradually exposed to it, using a stepped approach, leading to eventual extinction.
Flooding is when patients are immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus and the phobic response is exhausted.
Avoidance is prevented and anxiety peaks at such high levels that it cannot be maintained and eventually subsides.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
For example, McGrath et al. claim that systematic desensitisation is effective for around 75% of people with specific phobias and Jones used systematic desensitisation to eradicate ‘Little Peter’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects.
This shows that systematic desensitisation is a valid treatment for phobias.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are serious ethical concerns with a treatment that involves traumatising patients.
Patients’ anxiety level will be at its peak, as flooding produces high levels of fear.
As a result, many patients refuse to start or complete treatment.
Although informed consent is obtained and the patient can withdraw from treatment if they wish, it is possible that longer-term, negative side effects may occur.
However, Shipley and Boudewyns found that only 0.2% of patients experienced side effects.
Therefore, they concluded that flooding is effective and safe as a treatment for phobias.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that systematic desensitisation doesn’t work equally well for all types of phobia, nor is it 100% effective.
Other treatments for phobias, like flooding, are more effective than systematic desensitisation, because they treat the phobia faster.
For example, Ost found that flooding is a rapid treatment that often delivers rapid, immediate improvements.
However, Choy et al. found that flooding is superior to systematic desensitisation, whereas Craske et al. found no difference.
What does this show?
This shows that systematic desensitisation may not be as effective as other treatments for phobias
