4.4: Explaining depression Flashcards
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks)
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
What does the negative triad consist of?
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
What maintain the negative triad?
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, maintain the negative triad
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as what, maintain the negative triad?
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as what, maintain the negative triad?
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as: 1. Overgeneralisation 2. Magnification 3. Selective perception ,maintain the negative triad
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
Example
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, what?
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
How do both models explain depression?
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest what?
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
Example
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
What does this show?
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
What have the cognitive ideas been used to develop?
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including what?
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from what?
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
What do these therapies attempt to do?
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to do what?
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, doing what?
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
What has research focused on?
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found what?
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, what?
In addition, drug therapies
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including what?
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (what)?
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters)
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which do what?
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be what?
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for what?
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression.
What doesn’t consider this?
The cognitive approach doesn’t consider this
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.
Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.
Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression.
In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression.
The cognitive approach doesn’t consider this.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that the cognitive approach to explaining depression is not valid
Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks)
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes
Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression
Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
What does the negative triad consist of?
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future
Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
What maintain the negative triad?
Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions maintain the negative triad
Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as what, maintain the negative triad?
Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad
