4.4: Explaining depression

Question 1

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks)

Answer 1

Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes

Question 2

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad

Answer 2

Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression

Question 3

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
What does the negative triad consist of?

Answer 3

The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future

Question 4

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
What maintain the negative triad?

Answer 4

Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, maintain the negative triad

Question 5

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as what, maintain the negative triad?

Answer 5

Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad

Question 6

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as what, maintain the negative triad?

Answer 6

Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as:
1. Overgeneralisation
2. Magnification
3. Selective perception
,maintain the negative triad

Question 7

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model

Answer 7

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence​

Question 8

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
Example

Answer 8

For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability

Question 9

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, what?

Answer 9

In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced

Question 10

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

How do both models explain depression?

Answer 10

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events

Question 11

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest what?

Answer 11

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking

Question 12

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 12

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad​

Question 13

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
Example

Answer 13

For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future​​

Question 14

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
What does this show?

Answer 14

This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid​

Question 15

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 15

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy​

Question 16

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
What have the cognitive ideas been used to develop?

Answer 16

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression​

Question 17

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including what?

Answer 17

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)​

Question 18

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from what?

Answer 18

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model​

Question 19

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
What do these therapies attempt to do?

Answer 19

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts​

Question 20

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to do what?

Answer 20

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression

Question 21

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, doing what?

Answer 21

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression

Question 22

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 22

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters

Question 23

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
What has research focused on?

Answer 23

Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin

Question 24

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks).
Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes.
Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression.
The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future.
Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad.

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence.
For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ‘‘can’t do exams and are a failure,’’ and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability.
In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced.

Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck’s negative triad.
For example, Boury et al. monitored students’ negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future.
This shows that Beck’s negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy.
The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model.
These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters.
Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found what?

Answer 24

Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression

Question 25

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, what?

Answer 25

In addition, drug therapies

Question 26

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including what?

Answer 26

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs

Question 27

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (what)?

Answer 27

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters)

Question 28

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which do what?

Answer 28

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin

Question 29

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be what?

Answer 29

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression

Question 30

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for what?

Answer 30

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression

Question 31

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. What doesn't consider this?

Answer 31

The cognitive approach doesn't consider this

Question 32

Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to explaining depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemes, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you becomes depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. Both models explain depression as a consequence of faulty, negative thinking about events and suggest it can be managed by challenging this faulty thinking. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad, and so the cognitive approach to explaining depression, is valid. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the cognitive explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to the cognitive explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. The cognitive approach doesn't consider this. What does this suggest?

Answer 32

This suggests that the cognitive approach to explaining depression is not valid

Question 33

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks)

Answer 33

Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes

Question 34

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad

Answer 34

Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression

Question 35

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. What does the negative triad consist of?

Answer 35

The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future

Question 36

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. What maintain the negative triad?

Answer 36

Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions maintain the negative triad​

Question 37

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as what, maintain the negative triad?

Answer 37

Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad

Question 38

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self

Answer 38

The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate

Question 39

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world

Answer 39

The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with

Question 40

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future

Answer 40

The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements

Question 41

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. Example

Answer 41

For example, 'I will always be useless'

Question 42

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 42

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad

Question 43

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. Example

Answer 43

For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future

Question 44

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. What does this show?

Answer 44

This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression

Question 45

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 45

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy​

Question 46

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. What have the cognitive ideas been used to do?

Answer 46

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression​

Question 47

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including what?

Answer 47

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)​

Question 48

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). What do these therapies attempt to do?

Answer 48

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts​

Question 49

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to do what?

Answer 49

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression​

Question 50

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, doing what?

Answer 50

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression​

Question 51

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 51

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters

Question 52

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. What has research focused on?

Answer 52

Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin

Question 53

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found what?

Answer 53

Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression

Question 54

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, what?

Answer 54

In addition, drug therapies

Question 55

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including what?

Answer 55

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs

Question 56

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (what)?

Answer 56

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters)

Question 57

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which do what?

Answer 57

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin

Question 58

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be what?

Answer 58

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression

Question 59

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which do what?

Answer 59

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression

Question 60

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. What doesn't consider this?

Answer 60

Beck's negative triad doesn't consider this

Question 61

Discuss Beck’s negative triad as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Beck’s negative triad sees three pessimistic thought patterns as underpinning depression. The negative triad consists of three types of pessimistic thought patterns about the self, the world and the future. Negative schemas, together with cognitive biases/distortions, such as overgeneralisation, magnification and selective perception, maintain the negative triad. The self is where individuals see themselves as being helpless, worthless and inadequate. The world is where obstacles are perceived within one's environment that cannot be dealt with. The future is where personal worthlessness is seen as blocking any improvements. For example, 'I will always be useless.' The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for Beck's negative triad. For example, Boury et al. monitored students' negative thoughts with the Beck depression inventory, finding that depressives misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion and feel hopeless about the future. This shows that Beck's negative triad is valid as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Beck's negative triad explanation for depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Beck's negative triad as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Beck's negative triad doesn't consider this. What does this suggest?

Answer 61

This suggests that Beck's negative triad isn't valid as an explanation of depression

Question 62

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks)

Answer 62

Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking

Question 63

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. What is depression determined through?

Answer 63

Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes

Question 64

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. What did Ellis believe that depressives mistakenly do?

Answer 64

Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness

Question 65

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is what that is to blame for their distress?

Answer 65

He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress

Question 66

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, what did Ellis do?

Answer 66

To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model

Question 67

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. What does Ellis' ABC model see depression as occurring through?

Answer 67

Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence

Question 68

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. Example

Answer 68

For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C)

Question 69

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), why?

Answer 69

For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability

Question 70

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, what?

Answer 70

In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced

Question 71

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 71

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy​

Question 72

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. What have the cognitive ideas been used to do?

Answer 72

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression​

Question 73

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including what?

Answer 73

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)​

Question 74

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from what?

Answer 74

The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model​

Question 75

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. What do these therapies attempt to do?

Answer 75

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts​

Question 76

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to do what?

Answer 76

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression

Question 77

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, doing what?​

Answer 77

These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression

Question 78

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 78

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters​

Question 79

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. What has research focused on?

Answer 79

Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin​

Question 80

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found what?

Answer 80

Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression​

Question 81

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, what?

Answer 81

In addition, drug therapies​

Question 82

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including what?

Answer 82

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs

Question 83

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (what)?

Answer 83

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters)

Question 84

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which do what?

Answer 84

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin

Question 85

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be what?

Answer 85

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression

Question 86

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which do what?

Answer 86

In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression

Question 87

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. What doesn't consider this?

Answer 87

Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this

Question 88

Discuss Ellis’ ABC model as an explanation of depression (16 marks). Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking. Depression is determined through maladaptive thought processes. Ellis believed that depressives mistakenly blame external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this. What does this suggest?

Answer 88

This suggests that Ellis' ABC model isn't valid as an explanation of depression

Question 89

external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this. This suggests that Ellis' ABC model isn't valid as an explanation of depression. Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 89

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ellis' theory only offers a partial explanation

Question 90

external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this. This suggests that Ellis' ABC model isn't valid as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ellis' theory only offers a partial explanation. Sometimes what does depression occur as a result of?

Answer 90

Sometimes depression does occur as a result of an activating event

Question 91

external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this. This suggests that Ellis' ABC model isn't valid as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ellis' theory only offers a partial explanation. Sometimes depression does occur as a result of an activating event (what)?

Answer 91

Sometimes depression does occur as a result of an activating event (reactive depression)

Question 92

external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this. This suggests that Ellis' ABC model isn't valid as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ellis' theory only offers a partial explanation. Sometimes depression does occur as a result of an activating event (reactive depression). However, what?

Answer 92

However, depression doesn't always arise as a result of an obvious cause

Question 93

external events for their unhappiness. He thought, however, that it is their interpretation of these events that is to blame for their distress. To explain this process, Ellis developed what he referred to as the ABC model. Ellis’ ABC model sees depression as occurring through an activating agent, a belief and a consequence. For example, the activating event (A), failing a mock exam, triggers irrational beliefs that are seen to be true (B), you ''can't do exams and are a failure,'' and the consequence is that you become depressed (C), because you have a negative view of yourself and no confidence in your ability. In essence, the external event is ‘blamed’ for the unhappiness being experienced. The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression is its application to therapy. The cognitive ideas have been used to develop effective treatments for depression, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), which was developed from Ellis’s ABC model. These therapies attempt to identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts and have been successfully used to treat people with depression, providing further support to Ellis' ABC model as an explanation of depression. The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are alternative explanations that suggest that depression is a biological condition, caused by genes and neurotransmitters. Research has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin and found lower levels in patients with depression. In addition, drug therapies, including SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters), which increase the level of serotonin, are found to be effective in the treatment of depression, which provide further support for the role of neurotransmitters in the development of depression. Ellis' ABC model doesn't consider this. This suggests that Ellis' ABC model isn't valid as an explanation of depression. The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Ellis' theory only offers a partial explanation. Sometimes depression does occur as a result of an activating event (reactive depression). However, depression doesn't always arise as a result of an obvious cause, so what?

Answer 93

However, depression doesn't always arise as a result of an obvious cause, so Ellis' ABC model is not valid as an explanation of depression