7.3.1-LJ Flashcards
Atmosphere
Definition:An atmosphere is the layers of gases surrounding a planet or other celestial body. Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and one percent of other gases.
Altitude
Definition:like elevation, is the distance above sea level. Areas are often considered “high-altitude” if they reach at least 2,400 meters (8,000 feet) into the atmosphere.
Density
Definition:
mass of a unit volume of a material substance. The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume. Density is commonly expressed in units of grams per cubic centimeter
Troposphere
Definition:the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth’s surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere.
Stratosphere
Definition:This layer of our atmosphere has its own set of layers. There are no storms or turbulence here to mix up the air, so cold, heavy air is at the bottom and warm, light air is at the top.
Mesosphere
Definition:this is the highest layer of the atmosphere in which the gases are all mixed up rather than being layered by their mass. The mesosphere is 22 miles (35 kilometers) thick.
Thermosphere
Definition:the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium. The thermosphere is characterized throughout by an increase in temperature with height.
Exosphere
Definition:the outermost layer of our atmosphere. “Exo” means outside and is the same prefix used to describe insects like grasshoppers that have a hard shell or “exoskeleton” on the outside of their body. The exosphere is the very edge of our atmosphere.
Temperature
definition:Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several scales, including Fahrenheit and Celsius. Temperature indicates the direction in which heat energy will spontaneously flow—i.e., from a hotter body (one at a higher temperature) to a colder body (one at a lower temperature).
Nitrogen
definiton: nitrogen (N), nonmetallic element of Group 15 [Va] of the periodic table. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas that is the most plentiful element in Earth’s atmosphere and is a constituent of all living matter. nitrogen.
Carbon Dioxide
Definition: Carbon dioxide is a colorless and non-flammable gas at normal temperature and pressure. Although much less abundant than nitrogen and oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere, carbon dioxide is an important constituent of our planet’s air. A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) is made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
Oxygen
Definition:a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.
air pressure
Definition: It is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. Atmospheric pressure is commonly measured with a barometer. In a barometer, a column of mercury in a glass tube rises or falls as the weight of the atmosphere changes.
concentration
Definition:
the strength of a solution, esp the amount of dissolved substance in a given volume of solvent, usually expressed in moles per cubic metre or cubic decimetre (litre)Symbol: c. the process of increasing the concentration of a solution.
condition
Definition:a mode or state of being, the state of being fit: the physical status of the body as a whole or of one of its parts usually used to indicate abnormality.
