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M7 > 7.3 Tools > Flashcards

7.3 Tools Flashcards

1
Q

What do combination sets have?

A

Ruler
Protractor
Level

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2
Q

What should be used to cut through sheet metals and what for tougher materials?

A

Sheet metal with aviation snips
Hacksaws with fine toothed blades for tougher materials

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3
Q

What are two taps and dies used for?

A

Thread cutting

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4
Q

What are the parts of a screwdriver?

A

Tip/ blade; shank and handle

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5
Q

What is a basic description of a screw?

A

A machined bolt with a thread cut in to it with a countersunk or protruding head that a cavity is cut in to to apply torque

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6
Q

What is the handle of a screwdriver made of?

A

Wood or plastics that are non conductive of electricity or heat

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7
Q

What is the shank of a screw driver made from?

A

Carbon steel
Sometimes sheathed to protect user from eclectic shock

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8
Q

What is the blade or tip of a screwdriver made from?

A

Carbon steel but hardened to give protection and long life

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9
Q

How are screw drivers classified?

A

By their type of tip

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10
Q

What size are different screwdriver socket bits?

A

1/4 inch AF

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11
Q

How much of the screw slot dimensions must the screwdriver tip fill?

A

At least 75%

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12
Q

What is the point angle of a Phillips screw driver?

A

30 degrees

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13
Q

What is the point angle of a Reed & prince/ Frearson screwdriver?

A

V shape 45 degrees

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14
Q

What is the difference between a Phillips and Reed/ Frearson screwdriver?

A

Phillips has slightly larger centre in the cross
Phillips is blunt on the end

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15
Q

What do Frearson screw drivers allow for?

A

Higher torque to be applied and they have greater resistance for cam out

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16
Q

What size Frearson screwdriver should be used for different screws?

A

Size 1 for #5 and smaller
Size 2 for #6 and larger

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17
Q

How is a pozidriv screw driver an improved version of the Phillips?

A
  • Allows more contact area between bit and screw so less cam outs with a greater torque applied
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18
Q

How can you tell the difference between a posidrive and Phillips screwdriver?

A

Has prefix PZ

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19
Q

What are the benefits of a torx/ star drives?

A
  • apply more torque w reduced cam- out risk
    -: requires less operator effort
  • good when removing screws that have become clogged with debris
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20
Q

What size do torx screwdriver/ bits range from?
What must be noted when choosing a size?

A

T1 to T100
The screw and driver must be the same t#

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21
Q

What can internal hex’s also be known as?

A

Allen key screws

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22
Q

What is a torq set screwdriver?

A

Like a Phillips but the cross is offset
Allows for greater torque transfer

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23
Q

What is the advantage given by mortorq shallow recess?

A

The fastener can be smaller yet retain its strength

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24
Q

When are hi- torques used?

A

When you need to repeatedly remove and install the fastener
Can execute installation without applying high force

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25
Q

What specialty tool can be used if fasteners are very tight?

A

Screw extractor

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26
Q

How are hammers classified?

A

By their Pein, face, weight or shape

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27
Q

What is the head of a hammer made from?

A

Steel

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28
Q

What is the handle of a hammer made from?

A

Usually from wood but can be plastics or composite materials

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29
Q

What is done to the handle of a hammer to reduce fatigue of the operator?

A

Sheathed in shock absorbing polymers

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30
Q

How is the handle secured to the head of a hammer?

A

Through the by a wedge
Composite hammers often sealed with a resin too

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31
Q

What are the most common types of hammer used in aviation?

A
  • ball Pein
  • DIN general purpose
  • soft face mallet
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32
Q

What are ball Pein hammers manufactured from? What is its use?

A
  • high grade drop forged steel which is fully heat treated
  • used for shaping metals, with cold chisels and lunch
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33
Q

What are DIN hammers used for?

A

Same purpose as a ball Pein hammer

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34
Q

How does a soft face mallet reduce the force transmitted back to the user?

A

Temporarily deforms more than a metal hammer would

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35
Q

What are soft faced makers faces made of?

A

Plastics incl. nylon or natural rubber (which is heavier)

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36
Q

How are soft face mallets graded?

A

By weight of the head and by hardness of the striking face

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37
Q

What is a plier?

A

Tool that has a pair of handles joined by a fulcrum/ pivot

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38
Q

How are pliers classified?

A

By their function and type of nose they have

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39
Q

How should pliers be constructed?

A
  • made of high quality alloy steel with induction hardened cutting edges
  • Handles sheathed in comfortable soft plastic or rubber
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40
Q

How is a single fixed joint plier made?

A

Halves of the pliers are half cut out and placed inside each other w a pivot point

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41
Q

What is the toggle compound joint plier?

A

Combines single fixed joint w a toggle joint
The extra joint allows you to apply more leverage to the jaws

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42
Q

What is a lap joint?

A

Both halves of the pliers are jointed on top of each other

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43
Q

When is a lap joint used?

A

For heavier pliers and when greater leverage when cutting

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44
Q

When are slip joints used?

A

When you need to move the pivot point to make the jaws move according to the job

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45
Q

What are diagonal pliers used for?

A

Cutting of wire

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46
Q

How do diagonal pliers cut?

A
  • By indenting and wedging the wire apart
  • jaw edges make a v shape
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47
Q

How are diagonal cutters made?

A
  • From tempered steel
  • inductive heating and quenching is used to harden the jaws
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48
Q

Why are diagonal/ flush cutters used instead of symmetrical cutters?

A

Allow wires to be cut flush to the solder joint to avoid a sharp tip

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49
Q

What are combination/ lineman’s pliers used for?

A
  • Base is used to cut wire
  • centre of serrated jaw rotates round objects nuts and bolts
    They are multifunctional
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50
Q

What are long nose pliers used for?

A

Detailed work with wire

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51
Q

What are multi grips/ swan neck pliers?

A
  • several curved grooves that make up a series of interlocking joints
  • have a slip joint that make them adaptable to different situations
  • long handles so a large force can be applied to the jaws
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52
Q

How are the vice grip pliers jaws adjusted?

A

With the knurled screw at the end of the main handle

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53
Q

What are vice grip pliers used for?

A

To hold things incl. pipes, cut wire or hold a bolt

54
Q

What are circlip pliers used for?

A

For fitting and removing circlips

55
Q

What length are wire locking pliers available in?

A

Usually 230mm
150mm also popular

56
Q

How is the size of a vice measured?

A

By jaw width and the capacity of the vice when the jaws are open

57
Q

What are the two types of metal working vices?

A
  • fixed/ stationary
  • rotating (using a swivel base)
58
Q

What thread do clamping device screws usually have?

A

ACME thread

59
Q

What is type 1 of torque wrenches?

A

Indicate torque via a mechanical scale, dial or electronically .

60
Q

What is type 2 of torque wrenches?

A

Fixed or adjustable to a preset torque value

61
Q

What are the common types of type 1 torque wrenches?

A
  • wrench with torsion or flexing bar
  • wrench w rigid body and an indicator
  • wrench w rigid body and electronic measurement
  • screwdriver w indicator
  • screwdriver w electronic measurement
62
Q

What type of force is measured by a torque wrench?

A

Reaction force

63
Q

How do convert Nm to lbs- ft?

A

Divide Nm by 1.356

64
Q

How do you convert from lbs- ft to lbs-inch?

A

X12

65
Q

How should a torque wrench not be cleaned?

A

DO NOT SOAK in a solvent as it may ingress the tool, wash away any lubricant and introduce inaccuracies.

66
Q

What must be done when using an extension with a torque wrench.

A

Torque has to be reduced to account for the extension thats been added

67
Q

What is the torque angle tightening method?

A
  • uses initial torque loading like usual
  • for a final torque it’ll give an angle that has to be used instead of a torque value
68
Q

When would a calibrated ruler need to be used?

A

If it’s being used to measure an item for inspection, modification or so on

69
Q

What is the difference between a tri square and a combination set?

A

The head slides along the rule and it can be clamped where ever
You can scribe lines at a 45 degree angle

70
Q

What is a scrubber made of?

A

Tool steel

71
Q

Since dividers can damage skins, what can be used instead for marking out?

A

Pencil

72
Q

How are lunches classified?

A

Y the shape of their head

73
Q

What are the two types of punches that are generally used?

A

Solid or hollow punches

74
Q

Why are punches usually made of?

A

Hardened steel
A type of punch called “drift” can be made of copper or bronze to minimise damage to the object that’s being drifted out

75
Q

What is a prick punch used for? What is its tip angle?

A
  • used when marking metal to show where holes should be drilled
  • angle 30 ° or 60 °
76
Q

What is a centre punch used for? What is its tip angle?

A
  • making indentations in metal to stop wandering when drilling
  • light work 60 °
  • General work 90 °
77
Q

Why is a hammer not necessary when using an automatic centre punch?

A
  • It has an adjustable spring loaded trip mechanism
78
Q

What is an automatic centre punch used for and what is its tip angle?

A
  • used to indent where drilling is to be done
  • general work 90 °
  • light work 60 °
79
Q

How do you drive out a bolt or a pin?

A
  • start with a staring/ taper punch
  • finish with a pin punch
80
Q

How do you drive out a bolt or a pin?

A
  • start with a staring/ taper punch
  • finish with a pin punch
81
Q

How is a pin punch selected to take out rivets?

A

Match punch face diameter to diameter of the rivet shanked

82
Q

When are beryllium- copper and brass punches used?

A
  • where damage may occur if using a hardened steel punch
  • environments where there’s a risk of sparking
83
Q

What direction do yellow, green and red aviations snips cut?

A

Yellow: Striaght
Green: curve right
Red: curve left

84
Q

How should cuts be made when using aviation snips? (Since they don’t remove any material and minute fractures can occur along the cut)

A

About 0.8mm from the layout line and must be finished by hand filing down the line

85
Q

What is the size range of a full size hacksaw?

A

6-16 inches, most common is 12 inches

86
Q

How many teeth per inch are in coarse hacksaw blades?

A

14 teeth per inch when cutting steel
18 teeth per inch for solid stick ali, bearing metal, tool steel and cast iron

87
Q

How many teeth are in a medium pitch hacksaw blade?

A

24 teeth per inch
When cutting Rick walled tubing, pile, brass, copper, channel and angle iron

88
Q

How many teeth are there per inch of a fine hacksaw blade? If

A

32 teeth per inch
When cutting thin walled tubing and sheet metal

89
Q

What is the cutting direction on a full size hacksaw blade?

A

On the forward stroke

90
Q

Which direction do the teeth in a junior hacksaw face?

A

Towards the handle

91
Q

What is the cutting direction of a junior hacksaw?

A
  • towards the operator
  • this is because the saw frame is springy and compressed the blade if force is applied when the saw is pushed away
92
Q

What direction do the teeth in a mini hacksaw generally face?

A

Face forward
(Used for confined spaces)

93
Q

What speed should you hacksaw at?

A

Not more than 40-50 strokes per minute

94
Q

What are files made from?

A

High grade carbon steels that are tempered to give its strength and durability

95
Q

What special treatment do tangs (type of file) undergo and why?

A

Further heat treatment to make it softer and less brittle

96
Q

How are files classified?

A
  • length from point to base of the tang/ top of the heel
97
Q

What does the “shape of the file” refer to?

A

It’s cross sectional shape

98
Q

How are flat files tapered?

A

Tapered in width and thickness for the last 1/3 of their length towards the tip

99
Q

What is a hand files shape?

A
  • rectangular in cross section
  • tapered in thickness
  • parallel for their dull leaf to
  • one safe edge and one single cut
  • both faces will have double cut teeth
100
Q

What cut do square and triangular files have?

A

Double cut teeth on all edges

101
Q

What is the difference between round and rat tail files?

A

Rat tail files are tampered towards the tip

102
Q

What is the cut in both sides of the half round file?

A
  • flat face is double cut
  • half round face is single cut
103
Q

What angle are the teeth cut in a single cut file?

A

65 °- 85 °

104
Q

What angles are teeth of double cut files?

A

First set: 40-50 °
Second set: 70-80 °

105
Q

What allows the cutting stroke of the file to be forward stroke only?

A

Negative rake (sloping backwards of the teeth)

106
Q

What are the grade of cuts commonly used?

A
  • bastard cut
  • second cut
  • smooth cut
  • Rasp cut (removes the most material)
107
Q

What are the three parts of a drill bit?

A

Shank
Body
Point

108
Q

What are the flutes in a drill bit for?

A
  • Permit removal of sword
  • allows cutting fluid to reach the cutting lips
109
Q

What determines the size of a drill bit?

A

The margin (narrow surface along the flutes)

110
Q

What provides the torsional strength to a drill bit?

A

The land (bit between the flutes)

111
Q

What does the point of the drill consist of?

A

Cutting edge, flank, face, web and chisel edge

112
Q

What drill point angle do aluminium and mild steel bits have?

A

118 degrees

113
Q

What drill point angle do aluminium and mild steel bits have?

A

118 °

114
Q

What’s drill point angle do alumium, high tensile steel, stainless steel, sheet steel use?

A

135 °

115
Q

What drill bits use a drill angle ion 30-70 °?

A

Hard rubber and fire 60 °
Plastic materials: deeper it is the higher the angle required

116
Q

What standards are used to size drills?

A

ANSI American National Standards Insitute
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation

117
Q

What does a splint point twist drill bit have that helps stop wandering?

A

Reduction of web thickness at the point
(Same concept as centre punching being done w smaller diameter)

118
Q

What are the advantages of a split point drill bit?

A
  • faster drilling
  • requires less force to cut through material = less heat and stress
  • create smaller or less chips so reduced risk of holes clogging up and bits breaking
119
Q

How many lips can a standard countersink have?

A

One, three or multiple

120
Q

What are the types of reamers?

A
  • hand reamers
  • machine reamers
121
Q

What is the cylindrical part of a straight reamer for?

A

Merely grooves cut for the full length if the reamer body
For chips to escape and lubricant to reach the cutting edge

122
Q

What does the cutting on a reamer?

A

By the end of the reamer

123
Q

What should you never do when taking out the reamer after cutting?

A

Do not reverse the cut/ rotation of the reamer

124
Q

What is used to drive a machine reamer? How is it removed?

A

Driven by a morse taper shank NOT a square drive
A key drift has to be used to remove it

125
Q

How is a straight shank reamer shaped?

A
  • shank is smooth and parallel with no square or morse taper drive
  • can have straight or helical flutes
  • Used in a drill
126
Q

Is the spiral or straight fluted reamer less likely to chatter?

A

Spiral

127
Q

What reamers are tapered?

A

Spiral and straight fluted reamer

128
Q

What reamers are used to complete the reaming of blind holes?

A
  • bottoming tapers
  • have no taper
129
Q

What is a tap used for?

A

Cut threads in the inside of a hole

130
Q

What is a die used for?

A

Cutting external threads Ona round bar

M7 (3 decks)

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