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M7 > 7.18 Inspection & Repair Techniques > Flashcards

7.18 Inspection & Repair Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life span of an aircraft based on?

A

Based on the stresses it receives over time

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2
Q

What are the load carriers in a stressed skin philosophy?

A
  • fuselage skin
  • bulkheads
  • frames
  • beams and ribs
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3
Q

What is the purpose of an inspection system?

A

ensure the aircraft is maintained to the highest condition

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4
Q

What should be followed when establishing inspection intervals?

A
  • airframe and engine manufacturers instructions
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5
Q

What two system scan be used when creating an aircraft inspection programme?

A
  • flying hours
  • calendar inspection system (for hourly operating limitations)
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6
Q

What does the term “damage” mean in the SRM?

A

A cross sectional area or a permanent distortion of a structural member

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7
Q

What is a defect?

A

Any event or condition which reduces the serviceability of the aircraft.

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8
Q

Who specifies areas that need to be inspected and the type of damage to be found?

A

Manufacturers

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9
Q

What is abrasion?

A
  • damaged areas as a result of scuffing or rubbing
  • Rough and irregular shape
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10
Q

What causes corrosion?

A

complex electro- chemical action

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11
Q

How is the depth of corrosion damage established?

A

determined by a clean-up or by a removal operation

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12
Q

What is usually the cause of cracks?

A

fatigue

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13
Q

What damage is considered equal to a crack?

A

A crease

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14
Q

What is delamination?

A

Separation of plies in a multi-laminate material which could be caused by impact or if the resin fails

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15
Q

What is the length and width of a dent?

A
  • Length: Longest distance from one end to another
  • Width: second longest distance across the dent, measured at 90° to the direction of the length.
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16
Q

What is disbond? What is its cause?

A
  • separation of materials
  • Occurs due to an adhesive failure
  • Doesn’t have to occur across the full sentence
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17
Q

What two damages’ limits, given by the manufacturer, can be interchangeable?

A

If an allowable damage section or repair section does not give limits for disbonds, use the limits specified for delaminations and vice versa

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18
Q

What is a gouge?

A
  • cross sectional change caused by a sharp object and gives a continuous, sharp, or smooth groove in the material.
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19
Q

What is a hole?

A

Complete penetration of the surface

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20
Q

What is a nick?

A
  • A local gouge with sharp edges
  • a series in a line can be considered equal to a gouge
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21
Q

What is a puncture?

A

damage that goes fully through a part thickness and has no regular shape

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22
Q

Does a scratch result in a cross- sectional change?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What is important to look for after shock or heavy landing?

A

any secondary damage

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24
Q

What are the three classifications of damage?

A
  • Allowable damage (within limts)
  • Non- allowable Damage (requiring a repair)
  • Non- repairable Damage (requiring replacement)
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25
Q

What can provide background info on a defect and the aircrafts maintenance history?

A

Tech log
aircraft damage chart

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26
Q

What areas need to be considered when developing a checklist for general inspection of an aircraft?

A
  • Fuselage and hull
  • Systems and components
  • Cabin and flight deck
  • Engine and nacelle
  • Landing gear
  • Wing and centre section
  • Empennage
  • Propeller
  • Communication and navigation
  • Miscellaneous item (emergency and first aid equipment)
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27
Q

What should inspections provide about damage?

A
  • an accurate assessment of the damage
  • the type of repair to carry out
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28
Q

What should the assessment of the damage begin with?

A

an inspection of riveted joints and an inspection for corrosion.

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29
Q

What are some of the defects found by NDI?

A
  • corrosion
  • pitting
  • heat/ stress cracks
  • discontinuity of metals
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30
Q

What criteria can an engineer use to decide the type of repair required?

A

Type of damage
Type of original material
Location of the damage
Type of repair required
Tools and equipment available to make the repair

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31
Q

How is an inspection mirror mounted?

A

With universal joint so that it can be positioned at various angles

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32
Q

Inspection mirror: What is the magnification most commonly used?

A

2x

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33
Q

What is the magnification of a stereoscopic magnifying glass?

A

20x

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34
Q

What magnifying glass is used to view inside structures?

A
  • hand instrument with 8x magnification
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35
Q

What is a boroscope?

A

optical instrument used for the inspection of the internal structure or components

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36
Q

How can boroscopes be inserted to examine internal parts in a turbine engine?

A

often designed with plugs at suitable locations in the casings, which can be removed to permit insertion of a borescopes and examination of the internal parts of the engine.

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37
Q

What are some corrosion preventative maintenance actions?

A
  • daily draining of fuel sumps
  • drain holes free of obstructions
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38
Q

How is corrosion apparent on a painted surface?

A
  • A scaly or blistered surface
  • A change of colour
  • Blisters in the paint
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39
Q

How is corrosion apparent on a metallic surface?

A
  • dull or darkened area
  • pitted surface
  • White, grey, or red dust, or particles can also be seen
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40
Q

What must be done to corrosion before a repair?

A

All of it must be removed by a trained personnel. Even a little bit left can start more corrosion.

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41
Q

What are the two methods of pain removal?

A

Mechanical: when corrosion is light and contained in a small area
Chemical: when corrosion is heavy and covers a large area, using strippers

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42
Q

What should be done to fasteners within the area of corrosion whilst corrosion is removed?

A

Must be removed to prevent cross contamination between dissimilar metals

43
Q

What are the most common abrasive by hand methods used?

A

Abrasive cloths and abrasive pads

44
Q

What areas is abrasion by hand suitable for?

A

Areas of light corrosion

45
Q

What is wire brushing?

A
  • mechanical abrasive operation
  • removes heavy corrosion, embedded paint or dirt
  • with a hand brush or motor- driven brush
46
Q

What materials can wire brushing be used on?

A
  • best suited to steel
  • Not for aluminium, the scratches can open the base material to elements that are more susceptible to corrosion
47
Q

What is used to carry out grinding?

A

Motorised grinding wheels
Finish with fine abrasive paper

48
Q

What materials is grinding not suitable for?

A

-Aluminium alloys
- grinding wheels would just become clogged w soft aluminium

49
Q

How is heavy corrosion removed?

A

use a rotary file or hand scraper

50
Q

What materials can rotary files be used on?

A

Aluminium and steel alloys

51
Q

What is a quick method of removing filiform corrosion and scale from metal surfaces?

A

Abrasive blasting

52
Q

What is abrasive blasting ?

A

When a metal surface is bombarded with abrasive particles to clean or finish metal surfaces

53
Q

What beads are used for general cleaning, peening and cosmetic finishing during an abrasive blasting procedure?

A

Glass beads

54
Q

What magnifying glass is recommended for corrosion check after a removal?

A

10x

55
Q

Where can neutralising agents not be used?

A

In areas where it can’t be washed off

56
Q

How can deep corrosion on aluminium alloys be removed?

A

Neutralisation

57
Q

What is the solution used for neutralisation?

A

90g Chromic acid (CrO3) to 1L of water

58
Q

How long should a neutralisation agent be left to work?

A

5-20 mins

59
Q

What is used to restore protective oxide coating on metal surfaces?

A

chromic acid inhibitor

60
Q

What is a less active chemical mixture for surface treatment of aluminium?

A

Solution of sodium dichromate and chromic acid

61
Q

What does aluminium corrosion look like?

A

White, more voluminous than the metal

62
Q

What causes intergranular corrosion on aluminium?

A

Improperly heat treated

63
Q

What does rust act as?

A

A catalyst for more corrosion

64
Q

Whats the most common type of corrosion on carbon steel?

A

Rust

65
Q

How can rust be mechanically removed?

A
  • abrasive paper, wire brushing or steel wool
66
Q

How is rust chemically removed?

A

Phosphoric acid
Makes the rest water- soluble

67
Q

What two materials are used when corrosion resistance is important?

A

Stainless steel and nickel chromium alloys

68
Q

How does corrosion appear on stainless steels?

A

Pitting, usually black in colour

69
Q

How is titanium deterioration shown?

A

black or white coloured oxide

70
Q

How is titanium cleaned?

A

alumiunium polish or mild abrasive w fibre brushes

71
Q

What does pretreatment do?

A
  • increases corrosion resistance
  • good surface adhesion
72
Q

How can anodising be done? (two ways)

A
  • tank method
  • selective method
73
Q

What is film thickness dependent on?

A
  • current per unit area
  • process time
74
Q

What is CAA treatment?

A

anodising using chromic acid as the electrolyte

75
Q

What is eloxadising?

A

comparable to anodising but w sulphuric acid

76
Q

What anodising does airbus use?

A

Sulphuric acid anodising

77
Q

What properties does eloxation have?

A
  • ceramic proerties
  • means its inelastic so can crack if bent
78
Q

When is anodising used?

A
  • all integrally milled structural components
  • on all bonded surfaces
  • on the outer skin of the fuselage
79
Q

What are phosphate coatings on steel used for?

A
  • corrosion resistance
  • lubricity
  • foundation for other coatings
80
Q

Three main types of phosphate coatings:

A
  • Manganese
  • Iron
  • Zinc
81
Q

What is chemical conversion coating (CCC)?

A
  • Alodine, Iridite or Alodine coat aluminium
82
Q

What does CCC provide?

A
  • good contact for paint coatings
  • aluminium- chromide- oxide cover formed for corrosion protection
83
Q

When can CCC not be used?

A

Components that are subjected to operating temperatures of more than 70 °C

84
Q

What is the thickness of chromium plating and phosphate plating?

A

chromium: 0.001 mm
Phosphate layers: 0.003 mm

85
Q

What are paint finishes?

A

coatings that are manually painted or sprayed on

86
Q

What are two properties of paint finishes?

A
  • after drying the layer of thickness can be measured
  • Paint can be be removed with corrosives
87
Q

What are the two main reasons for paint finishes on aircraft and aircraft parts?

A
  • A pleasant/decorative finish to the outside surface of the aircraft.
  • protection
88
Q

What 3 layers does airbus use?

A
  • wash primer
  • paint primer
  • coating lacquer
89
Q

What 2 layers does boeing use?

A

Primer
Top coat

90
Q

What is done before priming on Boeing?

A

Pretreatment: CCC

91
Q

What happens before priming on Airbus?

A

Pretreatment: CCC or CCA

92
Q

When can fixing be done?

A

as long as they can be carried out with a paintbrush and appear to be optically justifiable

93
Q

What is partial or total renewal?

A
  • a paint finish that is aged or damaged.
  • partially or totally sanded and repainted
94
Q

When should FCR (Wash-Primer Filiform Corrosion Resistant) not be used?

A

Humidity higher than 75%
Temps below 15 degrees C

95
Q

If use of FCR cannot be avoided where its not recommended, what should be done?

A
  • decrease adhesion
  • increase curing time
96
Q

What should FDR primer never be used as?

A

Single layer primer

97
Q

Where is coating lacquer applied?

A
  • outer cabin parts subject to weather conditions
  • interior structure in contact w aggressive fluids
98
Q

What parts require electrically conductive paints?

A

All plastic components

99
Q

How is sufficient conductivity achieved in composite components?

A

75% of countersinks must be covered with electrically conductive paint

100
Q

Where must antistatic primers not be applied?

A

Antennae cover

101
Q

Where are water dispalcing inhibitors used?

A

Where corrosion cant be removed

102
Q

What are water displacing inhibitors effectiveness based on?

A
  • good wetting ability
  • penetrating properties
103
Q

Last page flashcards not been made

A

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