7.2 Blood Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of blood?
Plasma aka serum (minus fibrinogen and clotting factors), WBCs & platelets, and RBCs
What do RBCs do? How is hematocrit measured?
Carry oxygen around via hemoglobin; vol of RBC/total vol of blood, high HCT => polycythemia, low HCT => anemia (aldosterone has nothing to do with HCT)
Examples of granulocytes vs agranulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (BEN) vs lymphocytes and monocytes
What are the names of monocytes after they leave bloodstream and enter an organ?
Macrophages generally. In CNS, microglia; in skin, Langerhans cells; in bone, osteoclasts
What are thrombocytes/platelets and megakaryocytes?
Cell fragments or shards (platelets) released by cells in bone marrow (megakaryocytes)
What is hematopoiesis and how is it triggered?
Production of blood cells and platelets triggered by hormones, growth factors and cytokines
Erythropoietin vs thrombopoietin
secreted by kidneys and stimulates RBC development vs secreted by liver and kidney and stimulates platelet development
RBCs have antigens. Name the 2 main groups
ABO ag and Rh factor
Which blood types are universal donors and universal recipients?
O = donor, AB = recipient
What ag and ab do O produce? What does this mean?
No ag, both anti-A and anti-B ab –> recognize blood types A and B as foreign
What ag and ab do AB produce? What does this mean?
Ag A and B, no ab –> doesn’t recognize any blood type as foreign
What does Rh specify?
D allele/surface protein on RBC
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
Condition where Rh- mother makes ab against Rh+ fetus and attack fetal cells
How is bp regulated?
Baroreceptors w/in walls of vasculature; they’re neurons that detect mechanical changes in walls of blood vessels
How do baroreceptors act?
Low bp –> baroreceptors stimulate sympathetic nervous system for vasoconstriction –> inc bp
What to do if bp is too high?
Atrial cells release atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) hormone that acts as diuretic to promote sodium excretion
What is oxygen saturation?
%age of hemoglobin carrying oxygen
Does fetal hemoglobin (HbF) have higher affinity than adult hemoglobin (HbA)?
Yes
How to shift right in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
Exercise is the right thing to do: increase [H+], increase PaCO2, increase temp, increase 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate
How do platelets clot?
1) platelets release thromboplastin
2) thromboplastin converts inactive prothrombin ti active thrombin
3) thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
4) fibrin surrounds blood cells to form clot
What does the spleen do?
Blood storage and activation of B cells that later turn into plasma cells for adaptive immunity and destruction of damaged B cells, destruction of damaged or old RBCs, filters blood to help immune system
Does erythropoietin inc in high altitude or low altitude?
High altitude
What class of lipids do ABO typing?
sphingolipids
