7.2 Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 layers of blood?

A

Plasma aka serum (minus fibrinogen and clotting factors), WBCs & platelets, and RBCs

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2
Q

What do RBCs do? How is hematocrit measured?

A

Carry oxygen around via hemoglobin; vol of RBC/total vol of blood, high HCT => polycythemia, low HCT => anemia (aldosterone has nothing to do with HCT)

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3
Q

Examples of granulocytes vs agranulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (BEN) vs lymphocytes and monocytes

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4
Q

What are the names of monocytes after they leave bloodstream and enter an organ?

A

Macrophages generally. In CNS, microglia; in skin, Langerhans cells; in bone, osteoclasts

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5
Q

What are thrombocytes/platelets and megakaryocytes?

A

Cell fragments or shards (platelets) released by cells in bone marrow (megakaryocytes)

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6
Q

What is hematopoiesis and how is it triggered?

A

Production of blood cells and platelets triggered by hormones, growth factors and cytokines

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7
Q

Erythropoietin vs thrombopoietin

A

secreted by kidneys and stimulates RBC development vs secreted by liver and kidney and stimulates platelet development

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8
Q

RBCs have antigens. Name the 2 main groups

A

ABO ag and Rh factor

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9
Q

Which blood types are universal donors and universal recipients?

A

O = donor, AB = recipient

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10
Q

What ag and ab do O produce? What does this mean?

A

No ag, both anti-A and anti-B ab –> recognize blood types A and B as foreign

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11
Q

What ag and ab do AB produce? What does this mean?

A

Ag A and B, no ab –> doesn’t recognize any blood type as foreign

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12
Q

What does Rh specify?

A

D allele/surface protein on RBC

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13
Q

What is erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Condition where Rh- mother makes ab against Rh+ fetus and attack fetal cells

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14
Q

How is bp regulated?

A

Baroreceptors w/in walls of vasculature; they’re neurons that detect mechanical changes in walls of blood vessels

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15
Q

How do baroreceptors act?

A

Low bp –> baroreceptors stimulate sympathetic nervous system for vasoconstriction –> inc bp

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16
Q

What to do if bp is too high?

A

Atrial cells release atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) hormone that acts as diuretic to promote sodium excretion

17
Q

What is oxygen saturation?

A

%age of hemoglobin carrying oxygen

18
Q

Does fetal hemoglobin (HbF) have higher affinity than adult hemoglobin (HbA)?

A

Yes

19
Q

How to shift right in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Exercise is the right thing to do: increase [H+], increase PaCO2, increase temp, increase 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate

20
Q

How do platelets clot?

A

1) platelets release thromboplastin
2) thromboplastin converts inactive prothrombin ti active thrombin
3) thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
4) fibrin surrounds blood cells to form clot

21
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Blood storage and activation of B cells that later turn into plasma cells for adaptive immunity and destruction of damaged B cells, destruction of damaged or old RBCs, filters blood to help immune system

22
Q

Does erythropoietin inc in high altitude or low altitude?

A

High altitude

23
Q

What class of lipids do ABO typing?

A

sphingolipids