7.2

Question 1

Difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids

Answer 1

Sister chromatids are used in cell division, like in cell replacement, whereas homologous chromosomes are used in reproductive division, like making a new person. Sister chromatids are genetically the same.

Question 2

Prophase

Answer 2

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.

Question 3

Metaphase

Answer 3

In metaphase, the condensed chromosomes align along the metaphase plate at the center of the cell, and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.

Question 4

Anaphase

Answer 4

Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids as the spindle fibers pull them towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 5

Telophase

Answer 5

Telophase marks the end of mitosis, where the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell, decondense back into chromatin, and nuclear envelopes re-form around each set of chromosomes.

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

Cytokinesis occurs, dividing the cytoplasm and organelles between the two daughter cells. This results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes. Mitosis plays a crucial role in growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 7

How to identify what stage of mitosis a cell is in

Answer 7

To identify the stage of mitosis a cell is in, examine the characteristics such as chromosome condensation and alignment to determine prophase; spindle fiber formation indicates metaphase; separate chromatids indicate anaphase; and cytokinesis occurring alongside late telophase indicates the end of mitosis. Utilizing fluorescent dyes specific to DNA or protein markers can further aid in identifying these stages with precision.