5.1

Question 1

Properties of Enzymes

Answer 1

First, they increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being consumed or permanently altered by the reaction. Second, they increase reaction rates without altering the chemical equilibrium between reactants and products.

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.

Question 3

Substrate

Answer 3

The specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts to catalyze a reaction.

Question 4

Active site

Answer 4

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the catalytic reaction takes place.

Question 5

Activation energy

Answer 5

The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, which enzymes lower to facilitate faster reaction rates.

Question 6

How would you maximize enzyme activity considering all of the factors discussed in class? Minimize?

Answer 6

To maximize enzyme activity, optimize pH and temperature conditions, use the appropriate substrate concentration, and maintain proper enzyme-to-substrate ratio. To minimize enzyme activity, avoid extreme pH or temperature levels, prevent denaturation by using inhibitors, and store enzymes correctly to maintain stability.