Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Harr Heme/Coag/UA > 7.1 Routine Physical and Biochemical Urine Tests > Flashcards

7.1 Routine Physical and Biochemical Urine Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Which statement regarding renal function is true?

A

Glomeruli are far more permeable to H2O and salt compared with other capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which statement regarding normal salt and H2O handling by the nephron is correct?

A

The thick ascending limb of the tubule is highly permeable to salt but not H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which statement concerning renal tubular function is true?

A

In salt deprivation, the kidneys will conserve sodium at the expense of potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is inappropriate when collecting urine for routine bacteriologic culture?

A

The sample may be held at 2°C to 8°C for up to 48 hours prior to plating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which statement about sample collection for routine urinalysis is true?

A

Samples may be stored at room temperature for up to 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which urine color is correlated correctly with the pigment-producing substance?

A

Deep yellow urine and yellow foam with bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following substances will cause urine to produce red fluorescence when examined under an ultraviolet lamp (360 nm)?

A

Coproporphyrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with normal urine color but produces red fluorescence when urine is examined with an ultraviolet (Wood) lamp?

A

Lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which statement regarding porphyria is accurate?

A

Serum, urine, and fecal tests may be needed for diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is the most common form of porphyria?

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following methods is the least sensitive and specific for measuring PBG in urine?

A

Watson-Schwartz test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A brown or black pigment in urine can be caused by:

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Urine that is dark red or port wine-colored may be caused by:

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following tests is affected least by standing or improperly stored urine?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which one of the following characteristics would be a reason for performing a microscopic examination of urinary sediment?

A

Turbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following is appropriate when collecting a 24-hour urine sample for metanephrines?

A

All urine should be collected in a single container that is kept refrigerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Urine production of less than 400 mL/day is:

A

Defined as oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following contributes to SG, but not to osmolality?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Urine with an SG consistently between 1.002 and 1.003 indicates:

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In which of the following conditions is the urine SG likely to be below 1.025?

A

Chronic renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which statement regarding methods for measuring SG is true?

A

Colorimetric SG readings are falsely low when pH is alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the principle of the colorimetric reagent strip determination of SG in urine?

A

Ionic strength alters the pKa of a polyelectrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which statement regarding urine pH is true?

A

Contamination should be suspected if urine pH is less than 4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In renal tubular acidosis, the pH of urine is:

A

Consistently alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The normal daily urine output for an adult is approximately:

A

0.6 to 1.6 L

26
Q

The SG of the filtrate in the Bowman space is approximately:

A

1.008 to 1.010

27
Q

A patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis would have a urine pH of:

A

7.5 to 8.5

28
Q

Which of the following is most likely to cause a false-positive result on the dry reagent strip test for urinary protein?

A

Highly buffered alkaline urine

29
Q

When testing for urinary protein with sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), which condition may produce a false-positive result?

A

The presence of x-ray contrast media

30
Q

A discrepancy between the urine SG determined by measuring refractive index and urine osmolality would be most likely to occur:

A

After intravenous pyelography (IVP)

31
Q

Which of the following is likely to result in a false-negative dry reagent strip test for proteinuria?

A

Bence-Jones protein

32
Q

Daily loss of protein in urine normally does not exceed:

A

150 mg

33
Q

Which of the following is least likely to cause a false-positive result on turbidimetric protein tests?

A

Ascorbic acid

34
Q

Which statement best describes the clinical utility of tests for microalbuminuria?

A

Testing may detect early renal involvement in diabetes mellitus

35
Q

Dry reagent strip tests for microalbuminuria that compare albumin to creatinine determine the creatinine concentration based on which principle?

A

Formation of a Cu+2–creatinine complex

36
Q

Which of the following conditions is least likely to be detected by dry reagent strip tests for proteinuria?

A

Renal tubular proteinuria

37
Q

The normal renal threshold for glucose is:

A

165 to 180 mg/dL

38
Q

In which of the following conditions is glycosuria most likely?

A

Pregnancy

39
Q

In addition to ascorbate, the glucose oxidase reaction may be inhibited by which substance?

A

Acetoacetic acid (AAA)

40
Q

A positive glucose oxidase test and a negative test for reducing sugars indicates:

A

True glycosuria

41
Q

A negative glucose oxidase test and a positive test for reducing sugars in urine indicates:

A

The presence of a nonglucose reducing sugar, such as galactose

42
Q

In what condition may urinary ketone tests underestimate ketosis?

A

Acidosis

43
Q

AAA is detected in urine by reaction with:

A

Sodium nitroprusside

44
Q

Nondiabetic ketonuria can occur in all of the following except:

A. Pregnancy
B. Renal failure
C. Starvation
D. Lactate acidosis

A

Renal failure

45
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the classic nitroprusside reaction for ketones is true?

A

It may be falsely positive in phenylketonuria

46
Q

Hemoglobin in urine can be differentiated from myoglobin by using:

A

80% ammonium sulfate to precipitate hemoglobin

47
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with a negative blood test result and an increase in urine urobilinogen?

A

Extravascular hemolytic anemia

48
Q

Which statement about the dry reagent strip blood test is true?

A

Abnormal color may be absent from the urine when the reaction is positive

49
Q

A moderately positive result on the blood test and trace protein test are seen on the dry reagent strip, and 11 to 20 RBCs/HPF are seen in the microscopic examination. These results are most likely caused by which of the following?

A

Recent urinary tract catheterization

50
Q

Which of the following results are discrepant?

A

Negative blood, but 6 to 10 RBCs/HPF

51
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the dry reagent strip test for bilirubin is true?

A

The test detects only conjugated bilirubin

52
Q

Which of the following reagents is used to detect urobilinogen in urine?

A

p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

53
Q

Which of the following statements regarding urinary urobilinogen is true?

A

Dry reagent strip tests do not detect decreased levels

54
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the test for nitrite in urine is true?

A

The test is dependent on adequate dietary nitrate content

55
Q

Which statement about the dry reagent strip test for leukocytes is true?

A

The reaction is based on the hydrolysis of substrate by WBC esterases

56
Q

Which of the following statements about creatinine clearance is correct?

A

Creatinine clearance is dependent on lean body mass

57
Q

A male patient’s eGFR is 75 mL/min. This indicates:

A

Reduced glomerular filtration without uremia

58
Q

Which of the following substances can be used to calculate eGFR?

A

Cystatin C

59
Q

Which statement regarding urea is true?

A

Urea is 100% filtered by the glomeruli

60
Q

Given the following data, calculate the creatinine clearance:

Serum creatinine = 1.2 mg/Dl
Urine creatinine = 100 mg/dL
Urine volume = 1.4 L/day
Body surface area = 1.80 m2

A

78 mL/min

U ÷ P × V × 1.73/A, where U = urine creatinine (mg/dL), P = plasma creatinine (mg/dL), V = urine volume (mL/min), and 1.73 = mean body surface area (m2)

Harr Heme/Coag/UA (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions