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RT 208 > 7.1 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

7.1 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

system of blood vessels that, along with the heart, form the closed systems by which blood is circulated to all parts of the body

A

Vascular System

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2
Q

carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs to remove carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart

A

Pulmonary Circulation

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3
Q

serves the rest of the body, carrying oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells and returning of the right atrium of the heart with blood that is carrying carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism from the cells.

A

Systemic Circulation

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4
Q

tube-like structures capable of expanding and contracting

A

Blood vessels

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5
Q

3 types of Blood Vessels

A
  • Artery
  • Capillary
  • Vein
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6
Q

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Artery

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7
Q

thick walled blood vessel

A

Artery

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8
Q

the pressure creates a pulse that can be felt, distinguishing them from veins

A

Artery

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9
Q

systemic arteries carry ______ away from the heart to the tissues

A

oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood

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10
Q

since its oxygen rich, full of oxygen, normal systemic arterial blood is ______

A

bright cherry red

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11
Q

lots of oxygen color

A

bright red (arterial blood)

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12
Q

lots of carbon dioxide color

A

dark red (venous blood)

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13
Q

is the only artery that carries deoxygenated, or oxygen-poor, blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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14
Q

it is part of the pulmonary circulation and carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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15
Q

it is classified as an artery because it carries blood away from the heart

A

Pulmonary artery

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16
Q

the smallest branches of arteries that join with the capillaries

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

the largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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18
Q

blood vessels that return blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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19
Q

carries blood that is low in oxygen (deoxygenated or oxygen poor) except for the pulmonary vein

A

Veins

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20
Q

low in oxygen blood

A

deoxygenated or oxygen poor blood

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21
Q

rich in oxygen blood

A

oxygenated or oxygen rich blood

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22
Q

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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23
Q

smallest veins at the junction of the capillaries

A

Venules

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24
Q

largest veins in the body

A

Vena Cavae

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25
the longest veins in the body are the ________ in the leg
great saphenous vein
26
microscopic blood vessel
Capillaries
27
one-cell-thick vessels
Capillaries
28
connect the arterioles and venules
Capillaries
29
forms a bridge between the arterial and venous circulation
Capillaries
30
blood in the _____ is a mixture of both venous and arterial blood
Capillaries
31
spurting blood, pulsating flow, bright red color
Arteries
32
steady, slow flow, dark red color
Veins
33
slow, even flow
Capillaries
34
Blood flow steps
1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava 2. Right atrium 3. Tricuspid valve 4. Right ventricle 5. Pulmonary Semilunar valve 6. Pulmonary arteries 7. Lungs 8. Pulmonary veins 9. Left atrium 10. Mitral or Bicuspid valve 11. Left Ventricle 12. Aortic Semilunar valve 13. Aorta
35
vital functions of cardiovascular system depend entirely on events at _____
capillary level
36
all chemical & gaseous exchange between blood & interstitial fluid takes place across _____
capillary walls
37
Important Functions of the Blood Vessels
1. ensures that plasma & interstitial fluid, 2 major components of extracellular fluid, are in constant communication 2. accelerates distribution of nutrients, hormones, & dissolved gases throughout tissue 3. assists in transport of insoluble lipids & tissue proteins that cannot enter circulation by crossing capillary walls 4. has flushing action that carries bacterial toxins & other chemical stimuli to lymphoid tissues & organs responsible for providing immunity from disease
38
Walls of arteries and veins contain three distinct layers
1. Tunica intima 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa
39
innermost layer of blood vessel
Tunica intima
40
includes endothelial lining & underlying layer of connective tissue with variable number of elastic fibers
Tunica intima
41
in arteries outer margin of interna contains thick layer of elastic fibers called ______
Internal elastic membrane
42
middle layer containing concentric layers of smooth muscle tissue in framework of connective tissue
Tunica media
43
bind media to interna & externa
collagen fibers
44
commonly thickest layer in wall of small artery
Tunica media
45
Tunica media separated from surrounding externa by ______: thin band of elastic fibers
external elastic membrane
46
smooth muscle cells encircle endothelium lining of lumen of vessel
Tunica media
47
outermost layer of vessel & forms connective tissue sheath around vessel
Tunica externa
48
in arteries, this layer contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers
Tunica externa
49
in veins, which is generally thicker than media, contains networks of elastic fibers & bundles of smooth muscle cells
Tunica externa
50
Differences between arteries and veins
Compared to veins, arteries - Have thicker walls - Have more smooth muscle and elastic fibers - Are more resilient
51
in general, walls of ____ are thicker than veins
arteries
52
tunica media of ____ contains more smooth muscle & elastic fibers
artery
53
these contractile & elastic components resist pressure generated by heart as it forces blood into circuit
Tunica media of artery
54
when not opposed by blood pressure, ______ in arterial walls recoil, constricting lumen so arterial walls on slide look smaller than veins, but they retain circular shape
elastic fibers
55
do not retain circular shape
veins
56
endothelial lining of artery cannot _____, its endothelium, is thrown into folds that give arterial sections a pleated appearance, lining of vein lacks these folds
contract
57
Blood flows through the blood vessels from the heart and back to the heart in the following order:
1. Elastic Arteries 2. Muscular Arteries 3. Arterioles 4. Capillaries 5. Venules 6. Medium Veins 7. Large Veins
58
conducting arteries
Elastic Arteries
59
large vessels that transport large volumes of blood away from heart
Elastic Arteries
60
walls are extremely resilient
Elastic Arteries
61
contains high density of elastic fibers & relatively few | smooth muscle cells
Tunica media (Elastic Arteries)
62
able to tolerate pressure changes that occur during cardiac cycle
Elastic Arteries
63
Elastic Arteries examples
Aorta, Pulmonary artery
64
medium-sized arteries or distribution arteries
Muscular Arteries
65
distribute blood to body’s skeletal muscle & internal organs
Muscular Arteries
66
characterized by thick tunica media that contains more smooth muscle cells than does media of elastic arteries
Muscular Arteries
67
Muscular Arteries examples
External carotid arteries of neck, Brachial arteries of arms
68
0.5 - 1.0 mm in diameters
Muscular Arteries
69
resistance vessels
Arterioles
70
poorly defined tunica externa, & media of larger arterioles consists of one or two smooth muscle cells
Arterioles
71
diameters change in response to local conditions or to sympathetic or endocrine stimulation
Arterioles
72
the only vessels that allow exchange
Capillaries
73
Large Veins examples
Vena Cava, Pulmonary Vein
74
As blood flows from the aorta toward the capillaries and from capillaries toward the vena cava:
- Pressure decreases - Flow decreases - Resistance increases
75
blood flows away from the heart in the aorta, the blood travels at
30 cm/sec
76
As the blood reaches the capillary beds, the rate of flow is dramatically (one-thousand times) ____ than the rate of flow in the aorta
slower
77
decreases the size of the lumen
Vasoconstriction
78
increases the size of the lumen
Vasodilation
79
the changes in diameter of the artery
- Vasoconstriction | - Vasodilation
80
The blood entering some capillary bed is controlled by small muscles called _____
Precapillary Sphincters
81
is a ring-like band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening, constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning
Sphincter
82
Capillaries form networks called _____
capillary bed
83
blood flow through the capillary is regulated by _____
Precapillary sphincter
84
band of smooth muscle that guards entrance to each | capillary
Precapillary sphincter
85
only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between blood & surrounding interstitial fluids
Capillaries
86
blood flows through capillaries relatively ____, allowing sufficient time for diffusion or active transport of materials across walls
slow
87
consists of endothelial tube inside delicate basement membrane
typical capillary
88
has neither tunica media nor externa
Capillaries
89
Capillaries have two basic structures
- Continuous capillaries | - Fenestrated capillaries
90
capillary that have complete lining
Continuous capillaries
91
capillary that supply most region of body
Continuous capillaries
92
can be found in all tissues except epithelial and cartilage
Continuous capillaries
93
contain windows (pores) that span endothelial lining
Fenestrated capillaries
94
permit rapid exchange of large solutes
Fenestrated capillaries
95
flattened fenestrated capillaries
sinusoids
96
specialized fenestrated capillaries that are flattened & irregular
Sinusoidal Capillary
97
blood moves through sinusoids relatively _____, maximizing time available for absorption & secretion across sinusoidal walls
slowly
98
Fenestrated capillaries occur in
liver, bone marrow, adrenal glands
99
Vein are classified according to their size into:
- Venules - Medium-sized veins - Large veins
100
venules and medium-sized veins contain ____
valves (Venous Valves)
101
prevent backflow of blood
Valves

RT 208 (16 decks)

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