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RT 208 > 7.1 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

7.1 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

system of blood vessels that, along with the heart, form the closed systems by which blood is circulated to all parts of the body

A

Vascular System

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2
Q

carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs to remove carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart

A

Pulmonary Circulation

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3
Q

serves the rest of the body, carrying oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells and returning of the right atrium of the heart with blood that is carrying carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism from the cells.

A

Systemic Circulation

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4
Q

tube-like structures capable of expanding and contracting

A

Blood vessels

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5
Q

3 types of Blood Vessels

A
  • Artery
  • Capillary
  • Vein
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6
Q

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Artery

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7
Q

thick walled blood vessel

A

Artery

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8
Q

the pressure creates a pulse that can be felt, distinguishing them from veins

A

Artery

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9
Q

systemic arteries carry ______ away from the heart to the tissues

A

oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood

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10
Q

since its oxygen rich, full of oxygen, normal systemic arterial blood is ______

A

bright cherry red

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11
Q

lots of oxygen color

A

bright red (arterial blood)

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12
Q

lots of carbon dioxide color

A

dark red (venous blood)

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13
Q

is the only artery that carries deoxygenated, or oxygen-poor, blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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14
Q

it is part of the pulmonary circulation and carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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15
Q

it is classified as an artery because it carries blood away from the heart

A

Pulmonary artery

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16
Q

the smallest branches of arteries that join with the capillaries

A

Arterioles

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17
Q

the largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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18
Q

blood vessels that return blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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19
Q

carries blood that is low in oxygen (deoxygenated or oxygen poor) except for the pulmonary vein

A

Veins

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20
Q

low in oxygen blood

A

deoxygenated or oxygen poor blood

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21
Q

rich in oxygen blood

A

oxygenated or oxygen rich blood

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22
Q

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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23
Q

smallest veins at the junction of the capillaries

A

Venules

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24
Q

largest veins in the body

A

Vena Cavae

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25
Q

the longest veins in the body are the ________ in the leg

A

great saphenous vein

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26
Q

microscopic blood vessel

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

one-cell-thick vessels

A

Capillaries

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28
Q

connect the arterioles and venules

A

Capillaries

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29
Q

forms a bridge between the arterial and venous circulation

A

Capillaries

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30
Q

blood in the _____ is a mixture of both venous and arterial blood

A

Capillaries

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31
Q

spurting blood,
pulsating flow,
bright red color

A

Arteries

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32
Q

steady,
slow flow,
dark red color

A

Veins

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33
Q

slow, even flow

A

Capillaries

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34
Q

Blood flow steps

A
  1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
  2. Right atrium
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Pulmonary Semilunar valve
  6. Pulmonary arteries
  7. Lungs
  8. Pulmonary veins
  9. Left atrium
  10. Mitral or Bicuspid valve
  11. Left Ventricle
  12. Aortic Semilunar valve
  13. Aorta
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35
Q

vital functions of cardiovascular system depend entirely on events at _____

A

capillary level

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36
Q

all chemical & gaseous exchange between blood & interstitial fluid takes place across _____

A

capillary walls

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37
Q

Important Functions of the Blood Vessels

A
  1. ensures that plasma & interstitial fluid, 2 major components of extracellular
    fluid, are in constant communication
  2. accelerates distribution of nutrients, hormones, & dissolved gases throughout
    tissue
  3. assists in transport of insoluble lipids & tissue proteins that cannot enter
    circulation by crossing capillary walls
  4. has flushing action that carries bacterial toxins & other chemical stimuli to
    lymphoid tissues & organs responsible for providing immunity from disease
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38
Q

Walls of arteries and veins contain three distinct layers

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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39
Q

innermost layer of blood vessel

A

Tunica intima

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40
Q

includes endothelial lining & underlying layer of connective tissue with variable
number of elastic fibers

A

Tunica intima

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41
Q

in arteries outer margin of interna contains thick layer of elastic fibers called ______

A

Internal elastic membrane

42
Q

middle layer containing concentric layers of smooth muscle tissue in framework
of connective tissue

A

Tunica media

43
Q

bind media to interna & externa

A

collagen fibers

44
Q

commonly thickest layer in wall of small artery

A

Tunica media

45
Q

Tunica media separated from surrounding externa by ______: thin band of elastic fibers

A

external elastic membrane

46
Q

smooth muscle cells encircle endothelium lining of lumen of vessel

A

Tunica media

47
Q

outermost layer of vessel & forms connective tissue sheath around vessel

A

Tunica externa

48
Q

in arteries, this layer contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic
fibers

A

Tunica externa

49
Q

in veins, which is generally thicker than media, contains networks of elastic
fibers & bundles of smooth muscle cells

A

Tunica externa

50
Q

Differences between arteries and veins

A

Compared to veins, arteries

  • Have thicker walls
  • Have more smooth muscle and elastic fibers
  • Are more resilient
51
Q

in general, walls of ____ are thicker than veins

52
Q

tunica media of ____ contains more smooth muscle & elastic fibers

53
Q

these contractile & elastic components resist pressure generated by heart as it forces blood into circuit

A

Tunica media of artery

54
Q

when not opposed by blood pressure, ______ in arterial walls recoil, constricting
lumen so arterial walls on slide look smaller than veins, but they retain circular shape

A

elastic fibers

55
Q

do not retain circular shape

56
Q

endothelial lining of artery cannot _____, its endothelium, is thrown into folds that
give arterial sections a pleated appearance, lining of vein lacks these folds

57
Q

Blood flows through the blood vessels from the heart and back to the heart in the
following order:

A
  1. Elastic Arteries
  2. Muscular Arteries
  3. Arterioles
  4. Capillaries
  5. Venules
  6. Medium Veins
  7. Large Veins
58
Q

conducting arteries

A

Elastic Arteries

59
Q

large vessels that transport large volumes of blood away from heart

A

Elastic Arteries

60
Q

walls are extremely resilient

A

Elastic Arteries

61
Q

contains high density of elastic fibers & relatively few

smooth muscle cells

A

Tunica media (Elastic Arteries)

62
Q

able to tolerate pressure changes that occur during cardiac cycle

A

Elastic Arteries

63
Q

Elastic Arteries examples

A

Aorta, Pulmonary artery

64
Q

medium-sized arteries or distribution arteries

A

Muscular Arteries

65
Q

distribute blood to body’s skeletal muscle & internal organs

A

Muscular Arteries

66
Q

characterized by thick tunica media that contains more smooth muscle
cells than does media of elastic arteries

A

Muscular Arteries

67
Q

Muscular Arteries examples

A

External carotid arteries of neck, Brachial arteries of arms

68
Q

0.5 - 1.0 mm in diameters

A

Muscular Arteries

69
Q

resistance vessels

A

Arterioles

70
Q

poorly defined tunica externa, & media of larger arterioles consists of
one or two smooth muscle cells

A

Arterioles

71
Q

diameters change in response to local conditions or to sympathetic or
endocrine stimulation

A

Arterioles

72
Q

the only vessels that allow exchange

A

Capillaries

73
Q

Large Veins examples

A

Vena Cava, Pulmonary Vein

74
Q

As blood flows from the aorta toward the capillaries and from capillaries toward the vena cava:

A
  • Pressure decreases
  • Flow decreases
  • Resistance increases
75
Q

blood flows away from the heart in the aorta, the blood travels at

76
Q

As the blood reaches the capillary beds, the rate of flow is dramatically (one-thousand times) ____ than the rate of flow in the aorta

77
Q

decreases the size of the lumen

A

Vasoconstriction

78
Q

increases the size of the lumen

A

Vasodilation

79
Q

the changes in diameter of the artery

A
  • Vasoconstriction

- Vasodilation

80
Q

The blood entering some capillary bed is controlled by small muscles called _____

A

Precapillary Sphincters

81
Q

is a ring-like band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening, constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning

82
Q

Capillaries form networks called _____

A

capillary bed

83
Q

blood flow through the capillary is regulated by _____

A

Precapillary sphincter

84
Q

band of smooth muscle that guards entrance to each

capillary

A

Precapillary sphincter

85
Q

only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between blood & surrounding
interstitial fluids

A

Capillaries

86
Q

blood flows through capillaries relatively ____, allowing sufficient time for
diffusion or active transport of materials across walls

87
Q

consists of endothelial tube inside delicate basement membrane

A

typical capillary

88
Q

has neither tunica media nor externa

A

Capillaries

89
Q

Capillaries have two basic structures

A
  • Continuous capillaries

- Fenestrated capillaries

90
Q

capillary that have complete lining

A

Continuous capillaries

91
Q

capillary that supply most region of body

A

Continuous capillaries

92
Q

can be found in all tissues except epithelial and cartilage

A

Continuous capillaries

93
Q

contain windows (pores) that span endothelial lining

A

Fenestrated capillaries

94
Q

permit rapid exchange of large solutes

A

Fenestrated capillaries

95
Q

flattened fenestrated capillaries

96
Q

specialized fenestrated capillaries that are flattened & irregular

A

Sinusoidal Capillary

97
Q

blood moves through sinusoids relatively _____,
maximizing time available for absorption & secretion across
sinusoidal walls

98
Q

Fenestrated capillaries occur in

A

liver, bone marrow, adrenal glands

99
Q

Vein are classified according to their size into:

A
  • Venules
  • Medium-sized veins
  • Large veins
100
Q

venules and medium-sized veins contain ____

A

valves (Venous Valves)

101
Q

prevent backflow of blood

RT 208 (16 decks)

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