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RT 208 > 4.1 Drug Categories of Relevance to Radiography (Uses and impacts on Patient) Part 1 > Flashcards

4.1 Drug Categories of Relevance to Radiography (Uses and impacts on Patient) Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the most frequently used antihistamine

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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2
Q

It also has sedative and anticholinergic (drying) side effects

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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3
Q

It can be given orally before the injection of iodinated contrast media to patients who are at risk of having an allergic reaction

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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4
Q

may also be given intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV) if the patient has an allergic reaction

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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5
Q

Short-acting corticosteroids that are anti-inflammatory medications that may also be prescribed before the injection of contrast media

A

Cortisone acetate

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6
Q

For patients with an acute allergic reaction, _____ is administered subcutaneously (SC),IM, or IV.

A

epinephrine (Adrenalin)

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7
Q

This drug stimulates the heart and the sympathetic nervous system. To control angioedema, shock, or respiratory distress

A

epinephrine (Adrenalin)

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8
Q

When patients with a severe or incapacitating allergic response do not appear to respond to the treatment just described, it may be administered IV

A

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

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9
Q

This long-acting corticosteroid acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, preventing or reducing edema (swelling) of the tracheobronchial tree.

A

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

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10
Q

This treatment minimizes the possibility of respiratory arrest

A

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

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11
Q

This category includes antiseptics such as alcohol and Betadine

A

Antimicrobials

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12
Q

an iodine compound commonly used in radiology departments for skin preparations before sterile injection procedures

A

Antiseptics

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13
Q

are medications given to treat wound infections and infectious diseases

A

Antibiotics

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14
Q

can be subclassified as antibacterial, antifungal, and so on, according to the type of organisms against which they are most effective

A

Antibiotics

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15
Q

is used to treat specific infections of the urinary tract

A

Bactrim

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16
Q

are prescribed for patients with chronic seizure disorders

A

Anticonvulsant

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17
Q

When seizures are prolonged or follow closely, IV administration of medications such as ________ may be necessary

A

diazepam (Valium) or fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)

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18
Q

also used as a tranquilizer or sedative

A

Diazepam

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19
Q

For acute attacks of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular arrhythmia

A

Antiarrhythmics

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20
Q

It is the often drug choice for acute attacks of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular arrhythmia

A

amiodarone (Pacerone)

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21
Q

is administered as an IV infusion

A

amiodarone (Pacerone)

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22
Q

Both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias may be treated with ______, and several other drugs in this class

A

amiodarone, lidocaine, quinidine (Quinidex)

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23
Q

are drugs that can relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness

A

Analgesics

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24
Q

As a group, _____ are the most effective analgesics

A

Opioids

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25
Q

describes any drug, natural or synthetic, whose actions are similar to those of morphine

A

Opioids

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26
Q

The opioid family, whose name derives from opium, includes

A

morphine, codeine, and meperidine (Demerol)

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27
Q

is the more specific term applied only to natural opium derivatives

A

opiate

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28
Q

are drugs with a high potential for abuse and misuse and therefore are kept in a locked container

A

Controlled substances

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29
Q

Stocks of these medications must be counted daily, and when any medication is given it must be listed on forms that include the date, the patient’s name, the dose, and the name and title of the person administering the medication

A

Controlled substances

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30
Q

act by depressing the central nervous system, relieving pain, and producing drowsiness

A

Opioids

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31
Q

Among the most frequently prescribed analgesic are

A

morphine sulfate (MS) and hydromorophone hydrochloride (Dilaudid)

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32
Q

injectable medications

A

morphine sulfate (MS) and hydromorophone hydrochloride (Dilaudid)

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33
Q

another highly potent (powerful) opioid analgesic, is given to patients who are sensitive to other analgesics or to those who are not responding to such medications with adequate pain relief

A

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

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34
Q

The action of ______ is almost immediate and lasts 30 to 60 minutes after IV administration. It is supplied at a strength of ______, and the usual dose is _____

A

Sublimaze,
50 micrograms per milliliter (mcg/ml),
1 to 2 ml

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35
Q

is a life-threatening side effect, so narcotic antagonist medication and resuscitation equipment should be immediately available

A

Respiratory depression

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36
Q

Analgesics with a low potential for side effects, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and naproxen sodium, are classed as ________ and are frequently used to alleviate discomfort

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

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37
Q

exert a quieting effect, often inducing sleep

A

Sedatives or tranquilizers

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38
Q

They are not analgesics but may provide relief from pain by promoting muscle relaxation

A

Sedatives or tranquilizers

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39
Q

reduce anxiety and mental tension more effectively than sedatives and often provide some sedation as well

A

Tranquilizers

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40
Q

are tranquilizers commonly prescribed as premedication for various interventional diagnostic procedures

A

Lorazepam (Ativan) and diazepam (Valium)

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41
Q

more commonly given tranquilizers

A

Lorazepam

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42
Q

For amnesia and sedation, ______ is often used because the onset of its action occurs in only 1.5 to 5 minutes and the peak effect is almost immediate

A

midazolam (Versed)

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43
Q

are sedatives and were formerly used as preoperative medications

A

Phenobarbital and other barbiturates

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44
Q

is still used with other medications to treat patients with seizures

A

Phenobarbital

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45
Q

have a tranquilizing effect and may be given with morphine to patients who are anxious and in pain

A

Benzodiazepine drugs, such as lorazepam and diazepam

46
Q

When _____ is injected IV, it is administered slowly, taking at least 1 minute for each 5 mg (1 ml) given

A

Valium

47
Q

is sometimes given when a previous administration of an analgesic or tranquilizer has not relaxed the patient or relieved pain

A

Midazolam (Versed)

48
Q

are benzodiazepine drugs that may be given to produce relaxation and/or sedation, as previously described

A

Ativan, Valium, and Versed

49
Q

is a medication developed to counteract the effect of Ativan, Valium, and Versed

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

50
Q

can antagonize the sedation and the impairment of recall and psychomotor function produced by benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

51
Q

counteracts the effects of opiates, such as morphine, and prevents or reverses respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

52
Q

A rapid reversal of _____ can cause nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and nervousness.

A

opiate depression

53
Q

can be administered SC or IM, the most rapid onset of action is obtained with a dilution of _____ in saline or 5% dextrose in water administered IV

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

54
Q

is a local anesthetic injected to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure

A

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

55
Q

is provided in a variety of strengths and is available with or without epinephrine

A

Xylocaine

56
Q

The addition of _______ in Xylocaine causes constriction of adjacent blood vessels and localizes the anesthetic effect to the immediate area

A

epinephrine

57
Q

a skeletal muscle relaxant that may be given to facilitate insertion of an endotracheal airway or to initiate diagnostic studies and treatment for patients who are combative because of shock, fear, or intoxication

A

Paralytic Agent

58
Q

There are three basic types of paralytic agents:

A
  • short-term agents such as succinylcholine chloride (Anectine) are effective for a period of 10 to 30 minutes;
  • intermediate paralytic agents such as mivacurium (Mivacron) have a maximum duration of 35to45 minutes;
  • long-acting agents, for example, metocurine and gallamine, have a maximum duration of 2 to 3 hours
59
Q

These drugs are used to control the level of glucose in the blood, primarily as a treatment for diabetes mellitus

A

Hypoglycemic Agents

60
Q

is treated with insulin

A

Type I diabetes mellitus

61
Q

is often treated with oral agents: a sulfonylurea (Amaryl or Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinase), rosiglitazone (Avandia), or metformin (Glucophage)

A

Type II, or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

62
Q

purpose of the medication

A

Therapeutic effect

63
Q

predictable action or effect of a drug other that that desired

A

Side effect

64
Q

poisonous, potentially lethal

A

Toxic effect

65
Q

overreaction, underreaction, unusual reaction

A

Idiosyncratic effect

66
Q

characteristics response to an allergen

A

Allergic response

67
Q

responses to combined drugs that differ from their individual effects

A

Synergistic effect

68
Q

its cause is usually, drug binds to receptor sites on cells

A

Therapeutic effect

69
Q

its cause is related to the chemical and therapeutic characteristics of the medication

A

Side effect

70
Q

its cause is inadequate excretion, impaired metabolism, overdose, or drug sensitivity

A

Toxic effect

71
Q

its cause is unknown, unique to individuals

A

Idiosyncratic effect

72
Q

its cause is prior sensitization to an initial dose of the medication or one of its components

A

Allergic response

73
Q

its cause is chemical or physiological drug interaction

A

Synergistic effect

74
Q

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchi (bronchodilation); vasoconstriction; cardiac stimulation

A

Adrenergics (vasoconstrictors)

75
Q

block the production of epinephrine in the body, causing dilation of blood vessels (Vasodilation) and decreased cardiac output; used as an antihypertensive

A

Adrenergic blocking agents

76
Q

relieve pain

A

Analgesics

77
Q

promote loss of feeling or sensation

A

Anesthetics

78
Q

prevent or relieve cardiac arrhythmias (dysrrythmias)

A

Antiarrhythmics

79
Q

depress the parasympathetic nervous system and act as antispasmodics of smooth muscle tissue, decrease contractions, saliva, bronchial mucus, digestive secretions and perspirations, used as preparation for surgery and endoscopy to suppress secretions

A

Anticholinergics

80
Q

inhibit the clotting mechanism of the blood, used to keep intravenous (IV) lines and arterial catheters open during diagnostic procedures

A

Anticoagulants

81
Q

prevent blood clots following heart attack or stroke

A

Anticoagulants

82
Q

inhibit convulsions

A

Anticonvulsats

83
Q

relieve or prevent depression

A

Antidepressants

84
Q

relieve or prevent vomiting

A

Antiemetics

85
Q

treat or prevent fungal infections

A

Antifungals

86
Q

relieve the symptoms of allergic reactions

A

Antihistamine

87
Q

suppress the growth of mircoorganism

A

Antimicrobials

88
Q

slow peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Antiperistaltics

89
Q

treat psychoses, schizophrenia

A

Antipsychotics

90
Q

reduce fever

A

Antipyretics

91
Q

reduce coughing

A

Antitussives

92
Q

prevent or treat viral diseases

A

Antivirals

93
Q

depress the central nervous system, respirations, and blood pressure, induce sleep

A

Barbiturates

94
Q

dilate smooth muscle, used to treat asthmas attacks and some allergic reactions

A

Bronchodilators

95
Q

restrain or slow heart activity

A

Cardiac depressants

96
Q

strengthen and tone the heart; increase cardia output

A

Cardiac stimulants

97
Q

stimulate peristalsis; promote defection

A

Cathartics

98
Q

stimulate the flow of urine

A

Diuretics

99
Q

induce vomiting

A

Emetics

100
Q

lower blood sugar level

A

Hypoglycemics

101
Q

analgesics sedative (narcotics) with a potential for addiction; classified as controlled substances under the Harrison act

A

Opioids

102
Q

prevent or counteract respiratory depression and depressive effects of morphine and related drugs

A

Opioid antagonists

103
Q

radioactive forms of elements used for diagnosis and treatment

A

Radioisotopes

104
Q

depress and relax the central nervous system and reduce mental activity

A

Sedatives

105
Q

relaxes skeletal and striated muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle relaxants

106
Q

stimulate the central nervous system

A

Stimulants

107
Q

reduce anxiety

A

Tranquilizers

108
Q

relax the walls of blood vessels, permitting a greater flow of blood

A

Vasodilators

109
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin), ephedrine (Isuprel), metaraminol bitrate (Aramine), phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine), norepinephrine bitartrate (Levophed)

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:
Dry Mouth

A

Adrenergics (vasoconstrictors)

110
Q

Methyldopa (Aldomet), clonidine (Catapres), prazosin (Minipress)

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:
Fatigue, light-headedness

A

Adrenergic blocking agents

RT 208 (16 decks)

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