7.1: Higher Cortical Function Flashcards
What is the name of the white matter structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
Which lobes contain the motor cortex and the sensory cortex?
Motor cortex in the Precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe
Sensory cortex is the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe
What characteristics does the frontal lobe control?
Thinking Memory Movement Behaviour Cognition Speech expression (usually left hemisphere) Continence
What characteristics does the parietal lobe control?
Language Touch Sensory cortex Body image (usually right) Calculation Writing
A lesion to which lobe will cause “neglect”?
Parietal lobe
Eg RHS parietal lesion causes the px to neglect that the left side of the world exists
A lesion to which lobe can cause dyslexia, dyscalculia, apraxia?
Parietal lobe
What are the main functions of the temporal lobes?
Hearing Learning Olfaction Memory Speech comprehension (usually left) Optic radiations pass through
A lesion to which lobe can cause Wernicke’s aphasia?
Temporal lobe
Which cerebral hemisphere is dominant in most people and what does this control?
Left is dominant in most
Dominant hemisphere will control language, mathematics and logic
Non dominant hemisphere will control body image, visuospatial awareness, emotion, music
Where is Broca’s area and what is it involved in?
Inferiolateral frontal lobe
It is involved in the production of speech (makes sense as it is closer to the motor cortex, especially the face part of the motor homonculus)
What is Broca’s aphasia?
When the px can understand and follow instruction but cannot articulate fluent speech
Where is Wernicke’s area?
Superior part of the temporal lobe
What is Wernicke’s area involved in?
Interpretation of language
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
When someone CN speak fluently but there is no comprehension
What connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s area to one another?
The arcuate fasciculus
What is the difference between declarative and non declarative memory?
Declarative is explicit, facts
Non declarative is emotion, motor skills, implicit
Where are declarative and non declarative memories stored?
Declarative memories are stored all throughout the cerebral cortex
Non declarative memories are mainly stored in the cerebellum
What does the hippocampus do?
Consolidates declarative memories by strengthening their synapses
A px with epilepsy experience the smell of oranges immediately prior to a seizure. Which lobe is his lesion most likely to be in?
Temporal lobe, as this contains the primary olfactory cortex Hence his olfactory hallucination
A px is unable to repeat the name of an object when spoken, but they can point to the physical object the word refers to. They can articulate words clearly. Where is the lesion?
Arcuate fasciculus
Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are in tact, but problem resides in the connection between the two areas
