10.1: Diuretics And Drugs Used In Kidney Failure Flashcards
Which diuretics is used for cerebral oedema?
Mannitol
Type of osmotic diuretic
What are some side effects of furosemide?
Hypovolaemia
Hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia
Ototoxicity
Why are loop diuretics often given in combination with another diuretic e.g. amiloride or spironolocatone?
Loops can cause hypokalaemia
So a K+ sparing diuretic is given to reduce this effect
Where do loop diuretics act?
On the NKCC2 channel of the TAL
What are some side effects of thiazides?
Gout
Erectile dysfunction
HypERcalcaemia
Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia
Where do thiazides act?
On the NCC channel of the DCT
What is an example of a K+ sparing diuretic?
Amiloride
ENaC inhibitor in DCT and CCD
Can cause hypercalaemia
What is an example of an aldosterone antagonist and what are it’s side effects?
Spironolactone
Can cause hyperkalaemia
Can cause painful gynaecomastia
What is the DDI between aminoglycosides and loop diuretics?
Ototoxicity
How should hyperkalaemia be treated?
Calcium gluconate (to protect the heart) Insulin and dextrose (to move K+ out of blood and into cells) Sodium bicarbonate (make more alkaline in blood, so H+ moves out of cells and K+ moves in) Salbutamol (same as insulin)
How are NSAIDs nephrotoxic?
NSAIDs (inhibit PG production, so reduced afferent vasodilation, so reduced GFR)
Why are ACEi contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis?
AngII is responsible for efferent vasoconstriction to maintain GFR even with low renal perfusion
Blocking effect of AngII will dilate the efferent arteriolar and to reduce GFR
Which class of ABx are nephrotoxic?
Aminoglycosides
Penicillins
Which diabetes drug is potentially nephrotoxic?
Metformin
