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Physics > 7.1 General Wave Characteristics > Flashcards

7.1 General Wave Characteristics Flashcards

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1
Q

Transverse waves

A

the particles of the wave oscillate perpendicular to the propagation of the wave

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2
Q

longitudinal waves

A

The particles of the wave oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation

includes cycles of compression and refraction

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3
Q

examples of transverse waves

A

electromagnetic waves (including visible light, microwaves, and x-rays)

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4
Q

example of longitudinal waves

A

sound waves

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5
Q

what type of wave is visible light?

A

transverse waves

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6
Q

what type of wave are sound waves?

A

longitudinal waves

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7
Q

Wavelength (λ)

A

the distance from one maximum (crest) of the wave to the next

1/frequency

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8
Q

frequency (f):

A

1 / wavelength

the number of wavelengths passing a fixed point per second

Unit: hertz (Hz), or cycles per second (cps)

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9
Q

amplitude (A)

A

the maximum magnitude of displacement in a wave

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10
Q

“in phase” vs “out of phase”

A

if the crests of two waves pass the same point or line at the same time, they are in phase

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11
Q

Principle of superposition

A

when two or more waves overlap in space, the displacement of the resultant wave at any point is the sum of the displacements of the interacting waves

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12
Q

Constructive interference

A

the maxima of two waves (in phase) add together so that the amplitude of the resulting wave is equal to the sum of the individual amplitudes

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13
Q

destructive interference

A

a positive displacement of one wave is cancelled exactly by a negative displacement of the other wave

the amplitude of the resulting wave is zero

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14
Q

sound

A

a longitudinal wave transmitted by the oscillation of particles in a deformable medium

(sound cannot travel through a vacuum)

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15
Q

speed of sound equation

A
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16
Q

sound travels fastest through ____________ and slowest through __________

A

sound travels fastest through a solid with low density and slowest through a gas with high density

17
Q

propogation speed (v) of a wave
formula

A

v = f λ
frequency x wavelength

18
Q

period (T)

defintion

A

the number of seconds per cycle

the inverse of frequency

19
Q

period (T)

equation

A

T = 1/f

(the inverse of frequency)

20
Q

standing waves

A

can form when two waves of equal amplitude and frequency are travelling in opposite directions

different ampitudes, same phase

the nodes stay the same

kind of lookes like the waves are “flipping” above and below the line

21
Q

travelling wave

A

have continuously shifting points of maximum and minimum displacement

amplitude of each particle is the same

size of the waves are the same and it looks like the whole thing is moving to the right as the nodes move

22
Q

nodes

A

points with no oscillation (zero displacement)

points in the wave that remain at rest (amplitude = 0)

23
Q

antinodes

A

points of maximum oscillation/displacement

24
Q

first harmonic has the ——- wavelength

second harmonic has a —– wavelength, etc.

A

first harmonic has the longest wavelength

second harmonic has a shorter wavelength, etc.

25
Q

how does the frequency between the first harmonic, second harmonic, third, etc.

A

frequency = cycles per second
the second harmonic will have twice the frequency as the first
the third harmonic will have 3x the frequency as the first

26
Q

with each harmonic, the frequency ——– (increases/decreases)

A

increases

27
Q

wavelength

tube open at both ends

A

L = length of pipe
n = harmonic

28
Q

wavelength

tube closed at one end

A

L = length of pipe
n = harmonic

29
Q

the harmonic (n) of a tube closed at one end can be….

A

any ODD integer

1, 3, 5, 7, etc…

30
Q

this is a (open/closed) tube with a harmonic of —

A

this is an open tube with a harmonic of ONE

31
Q

this is a (open/closed) tube with a harmonic of —

A

this is a Open tube with a harmonic of TWO

32
Q

this is a (open/closed) tube with a harmonic of —

A

this is a open tube with a harmonic of THREE

33
Q

this is a (open/closed) tube with a harmonic of —

A

this is a closed tube with a harmonic of ONE

34
Q

this is a (open/closed) tube with a harmonic of —

A

this is a closed tube with a harmonic of THREE

recall: odd only for closed tubes

35
Q

this is a (open/closed) tube with a harmonic of —

A

this is a closed tube with a harmonic of FIVE

recall: odd harmonics only for closed tubes

36
Q

frequency

tube closed at one end

A

Physics (30 decks)

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