7.1 Flashcards
Cell divide defintion
produce 2 identical daughter cells
cell differentiate
stop dividing to specialize in structure and function
Cell division occurs when
mitosis
Cell die definition
Eliminates unnecessary cells during development and removes unhealthy cells
Interphase includes
G1,S, G2
G1
cell increases in size, prepares to replicate, has to be undamaged, and has enough resources available for the cell to keep growing
S
cell replicates DNA, 2 complete sets of chromosomes, monitored for replication errors
G2
cell continues to grow and prepare for division, chromosomes are fully replaced and contain other types of damages
CDK-cyclin
stimulating protein
p53
inhibitory protein
cyclin-dependent kinases
are enzymes that add phosphate to other proteins to activate or inhibit their function
proto-oncogenes vs oncogenes
are an accelerator to speed up a simulation with one allele and put the cell cycle into overdrive vs a break to slow it down with both alleles needing to be mutated to be affected
effect of mutated tumor suppressors
can cause loss of inhibition or both leading to uncontrolled cell division
density-dependent inhibition
relies on the contact between the surface protein of adjacent cells when they bind they send out signals for cell division like a container
a mutated oncogene is like a
gas pedal
a tumor suppressor is like a
brake
difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene
proto is the normal gene and oncogene is the mutated gene
is the mutated allele (oncogene) dominant or recessive?
dominant
is the mutated allele of a tumor suppressor dominant or recessive?
recessive
what are the three buckets to categorize cancer?
cell growth & survival, cell fate, genome maintenance
Does DNA polymerase make mistakes during DNA replication?
yes every billion but the proofreading system reads mistakes and fixes errors unless there is a mutation that occurs in the genes that encode the proofreading system could lead to mutations at a rapid rate
