4.1 Metabolism Flashcards
Enzyme
Reduce activation energy required for chemical reactions
Catalyst
Increase reaction time without undergoing any changes
chemical reaction
process involves the rearrangement of the molecular structure of a substance
activation energy
minimum quantity of energy that is reacting species must possess in order to react
substrate
reactant which binds to the enzyme
active site
where substance fits into the enzyme
Enzymes are what
catalysts
properties of enzymes
reaction specific, not consumed in reaction, made of portion, affected by cellular conditions
reaction specific
each enzyme has a specific substrate
not consumed in the reaction
the single enzyme has lots of reactions
affected by cellular conditions
denatured by certain temperatures or concentrations of ions like pH or salinity
enzyme concentration
enzyme goes up and the reaction rate goes up, levels off when a substrate is the limiting factor
substrate concentration
substrate goes up so does the reaction rate, which levels off because enzymes at maximum rate of reaction
temperature
optimum t, heat, cold
Optimum T
greatest # of successful collisions, human enzymes 35-40
heat
increased beyond optimum t, denaturation= lose 3d shape, change in active site so can’t bind
cold
decrease T, molecules move slower, decrease the amount of collisions between enzymes and substrates.
pH
adds or removes H, disrupts 3d shape, dentaure protine, pepsin=pH 2-3, tryspin=pH 8
how are enzymes turned on
activator, maintain/change active site shape
how can enzymes be turned off
inhibitors reduce enzyme activity, comepteive= competes with the substrate for access to the active site, Allosteric changes the shape of enzyme so the enzyme can’t bind with the substrate
