4.1 Metabolism

Question 1

Enzyme

Answer 1

Reduce activation energy required for chemical reactions

Question 2

Catalyst

Answer 2

Increase reaction time without undergoing any changes

Question 3

chemical reaction

Answer 3

process involves the rearrangement of the molecular structure of a substance

Question 4

activation energy

Answer 4

minimum quantity of energy that is reacting species must possess in order to react

Question 5

substrate

Answer 5

reactant which binds to the enzyme

Question 6

active site

Answer 6

where substance fits into the enzyme

Question 7

Enzymes are what

Answer 7

catalysts

Question 8

properties of enzymes

Answer 8

reaction specific, not consumed in reaction, made of portion, affected by cellular conditions

Question 9

reaction specific

Answer 9

each enzyme has a specific substrate

Question 10

not consumed in the reaction

Answer 10

the single enzyme has lots of reactions

Question 11

affected by cellular conditions

Answer 11

denatured by certain temperatures or concentrations of ions like pH or salinity

Question 12

enzyme concentration

Answer 12

enzyme goes up and the reaction rate goes up, levels off when a substrate is the limiting factor

Question 13

substrate concentration

Answer 13

substrate goes up so does the reaction rate, which levels off because enzymes at maximum rate of reaction

Question 14

temperature

Answer 14

optimum t, heat, cold

Question 15

Optimum T

Answer 15

greatest # of successful collisions, human enzymes 35-40

Question 16

heat

Answer 16

increased beyond optimum t, denaturation= lose 3d shape, change in active site so can’t bind

Question 17

cold

Answer 17

decrease T, molecules move slower, decrease the amount of collisions between enzymes and substrates.

Question 18

pH

Answer 18

adds or removes H, disrupts 3d shape, dentaure protine, pepsin=pH 2-3, tryspin=pH 8

Question 19

how are enzymes turned on

Answer 19

activator, maintain/change active site shape

Question 20

how can enzymes be turned off

Answer 20

inhibitors reduce enzyme activity, comepteive= competes with the substrate for access to the active site, Allosteric changes the shape of enzyme so the enzyme can’t bind with the substrate