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KCEP 210 Final exam > 7 - Wheel sports > Flashcards

7 - Wheel sports Flashcards

1
Q

What are SCI?

A

Quadriplegia and paraplegia acquired through some kind of trauma

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2
Q

Causes of SCI in % (5)

A 
48% motor vehicles
21% falls
14% violence
14% sport injuries
3% other
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3
Q

Which one is #1 in the following:

  • football
  • rugby
  • diving (pool, lake)
  • downhill skiing
  • downhill mountain biking
A

Diving (pool, lake)

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4
Q

What is the link between SCI and the olfactory bulb?

A

Sense of smell

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5
Q

Lifetime health care costs are between 1.6 to 3 million dollars per person, why such a wide range?

A

Degree of severity and age

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6
Q

Lesions can be complete or incomplete, in the past there were more complete lesion.
Decrease in % of complete lesion is due to: (4)

A

Meds, car safety belt, air bags, paramedic (spinal immobilization)

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7
Q

Are sensations intact above the lesion?

A

YES

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8
Q

Can an individual with a spinal cord lesion at the lumbar level contract his arm muscles?

A

Yes, because the nerves used to move the arm muscles are located in the cervical area

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9
Q

Severity of condition depends on what? (2)

A

The level of the lesion

Whether it is complete or incomplete

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10
Q

Severity of condition - 1. Quadriplegia (def)

A

Involvement of all 4 limbs and trunk (cervical lesion)

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11
Q

Severity of condition - 1. Quadriplegia (cause)

A

Damage to the cervical segments

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12
Q

Why are C5-C6 most common?

A

Car accidents (whiplash)

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13
Q

What vertebrae determines if they will use a manual wheelchair vs motorized, and why?

A

C7, because it innervates the triceps, which is an important muscle (+pecs) for propulsion

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14
Q

Severity of condition - 2. Paraplegia (def)

A

Involvement of lower limbs and/or trunk

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15
Q

Severity of condition - 2. Paraplegia (cause)

A

Damage to the thoracic or lumbar spine

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16
Q

Effect of complete lesion of T1 to 6

A

No sitting balance

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17
Q

Effect of complete lesion of T7 to L1

A

Some useful sitting

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18
Q

Effect of complete lesion of L2 to lower

A

Normal trunk control

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19
Q

Health concerns in SCI (6)

A
  1. Sensation loss
  2. Contractures and injury prevention (spasticity)
  3. Lower limb atrophy
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Weight management
  6. ANS dysfunction during exercise
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20
Q

Health concerns in SCI - 1. Sensation loss (complete vs incomplete lesion)

A

Complete lesion = total loss below lesion
Incomplete lesion = partial loss below lesion
* lose some sensations, vulnerable to injury

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21
Q

Health concerns in SCI - 2. Contractures and injury prevention

A

Shortening and tightening of muscles
Stretching 2x/day (full ROM)
* flexors in upper limbs
* extensors in lower limbs

22
Q

Health concerns very common in wheelchair users?

A
  1. Lower limb atrophy
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Weight management
23
Q

Health concerns very common in wheelchair users because of a decrease in: (3)

A
  • Muscle contraction (paralysis)
  • Mechanical loading on bones
  • Energy expenditure
24
Q

Health concerns in SCI - 6. ANS dysfunction during exercise

A
  • Decrease heart beat
  • Decrease BP
  • Sweating impairment
  • Impairment of the vasoconstrictor function = decrease blood to heart = less oxygen to muscles = early fatigue
25
What can you do to make sure the BP does not increase when exercising?
Train in horizontal position
26
Cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers originate from __ to __
T1 to T4 (partly from T5)
27
ANS dysfunction can be present in ___ and high ____ (lesions at T5 and above)
Quadriplegics, paraplegics
28
Where does the ANS signal originate from?
Brain stem
29
Recommendations for exercise programming
High intensity exercises may not be tolerated in person with quadriplegia and high paraplegia because of hypotension (impaired blood distribution)
30
Cause of hypotension
S.ANS (ANS dysfunction)
31
Symptoms of hypotension
Dizziness or nausea (feeling faint)
32
Recommendations for exercise programming - special recommendations
Decrease cardiovascular capacity and endurance after SCI (50% in paraplegia, 75% in quadriplegia)
33
Cardiovascular training may include
Arm ergometer and locomotor training with crutches or body weight support (overhead harness)
34
Benefits of arm ergometer (3)
Suitable to use either in the home or in the center Workload can be adjusted easily Grip cuffs used for quadriplegics
35
Benefits of locomotor training with crutches (2)
Can increase muscle strength and bone mineral density | Can prevent pressure sores (increase blood circulation)
36
Rollers are to wheelchair users what ____ are to ambulatory runners
treadmills
37
To prevent upper-extremity overuse syndromes (in wheelchair users) - (3)
- Vary exercises from week to week - Strengthen muscles of the upper back and posterior shoulder - Stretch muscles of anterior shoulder and chest
38
To prevent contractures and injury
Stretching exercises for lower + upper extremities
39
Example of seated flexibility exercises (4)
???
40
Sports wheelchairs - common characteristics among sports chairs (4)
No push handles Do not fold Wheel camber Anti-tipping support (all but racing chair)
41
What is unique to rugby wheelchair? (2)
Front bumper and wings
42
Rules of wheelchair basketball
Dribble, shoot or pass after 2 pushes There is no double dribble rule Raise buttocks off chair = technical foul Open to able-bodied (no major competitions)
43
To be eligible to play wheelchair basketball, an athlete must have ?
A permanent physical disability in the lower limbs that prevents him from running, jumping, and pivoting as an able-bodied player
44
Player classification is not based on medical diagnosis, but on ?
Observed trunk movements and stability during actual basketball competitions
45
The points from each player are ranked between __ and ___
1.0 through 4.5
46
With five players on the court, what is the points limit for each team?
14 points total
47
The 14 points maximal rule ensures what?
That any player, regardless of degree of disability, has an integral role to play within the team structure
48
Wheelchair basketball is mainly played by players with SCI. Which condition comes second?
Amputation
49
Rules of adapted tennis
Ball may bounce or or twice, with the first bounce in the opponent's court Scoring is the same
50
Date of creation of adapted tennis in the USA
1976
51
Specific rule of rugby
Must dribble or pass at least once every 10 sec

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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