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KCEP 210 Final exam > 13 - Hypertension > Flashcards

13 - Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for hypertension

A

Silent killer

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2
Q

Definition of hypertension

A

Cardiovascular problem in which the blood exerts a greater than normal force against the inner walls of the blood vessels

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3
Q

Why hypertension (physiologically) (2)

A

Increase blood volume

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

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4
Q

Synonym of hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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5
Q

Damage to what structures because of circulatory problems (due to blood vessels damage)

A

Damage to the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes

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6
Q

Major risk for death by which 2 conditions

A

Stroke and heart attack

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7
Q

Two mechanical causes of hypertension

A
  1. Increase stroke volume

2. Increase peripheral resistance

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8
Q

Explanation for increase in peripheral resistance (2)

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Arterial walls become thickened, inelastic, and resistant to blood flow

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9
Q

T or F: either increase blood volume or peripheral resistance is enough to increase BP

A

TRUE

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10
Q

___ to ___% of Canadians suffer from hypertension

A

20 to 25%

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11
Q

Mild + moderate hypertension

A

No symptoms (silent killer)

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12
Q

Severe hypertension symptoms

A

Blurred vision
Severe headaches
Confusion

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13
Q

Blood pressure measurement (2 measures of BP)

A

Systolic pressure

Diastolic pressure

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14
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Contraction phase

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15
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Relaxation phase

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16
Q

What is the optimal BP?

A

120/80 mmHg

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17
Q

Factors causing BP to temporarily rise

A

Stress
Smoking
Exercise
Caffeine

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18
Q

Systolic and diastolic pressure ___ in winter and ___ in summer

A

Rise

Drop

19
Q

Why this drop in winter? 2 reasons

A
  1. Blood vessels constricts in the cold causing the heart to work harder to push blood through the veins and arteries
  2. Increase weight and decrease exercise in the winter
20
Q

two types of causes to hypertension

A
  1. Primary or essential = 90%

2. Secondary

21
Q

Factors of secondary hypertension

A 
Pregnancy (increase BV)
Coarctation of the aorta
Obesity
Smoking
Physical inactivity
High fat diet + increase salt intake
Large amounts of alcohol
Increase stress
22
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

narrowing of the aorta

23
Q

What is the effect of all the secondary factors physiologically?

A

Increase peripheral resistance

24
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Hardening of the arteries

25
Q

Consequence of high BP

A

Arteries: walls swell and stretch

26
Q

Major risk for death by stroke and heart attack

A

Atherosclerosis

27
Q

Stage 1 (mild hypertension) values

A

140/90 mmHg

28
Q

Not taking antihypertensive medication and not actually ill, when systolic and diastolic pressure fall into different categories, the ___ category should be selected

A

Higher

29
Q

Effect of aerobic exercise on BP (normal response)

A 
Systolic = increase of 30-60 mmHg
Diastolic = no changes
30
Q

Effects of regular exercise on BP response AT REST in participants with hypertension - Aerobic training

A

Decrease in systolic BP of 5-7 mmHg and in diastolic BP of 3-5 mmHg

31
Q

Effects of regular exercise on BP response AT REST in participants with hypertension - Dynamic resistance training

A

Decrease BP by 2-3mm Hg in both systolic and diastolic BP

32
Q

Effects of regular exercise on BP response AT REST in participants with hypertension - Isometric resistance training

A

Potential for the largest decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure
BUT increase risk of medical complications

33
Q

Reductions of only __mm Hg in SBP and DBP lowers stroke risk by 14% and 17% respectively, and the risk of coronary artery disease by 9% and 6%, respectively

A

2%

34
Q

Effects of moderate weight reduction on resting and exercise blood pressure in overweight subjects

A

AT REST = decrease in systolic BP

DURING EXERCISE = decrease in systolic and diastolic BP (stronger effect of SBP)

35
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming (medication)

A

Medication first for stages 3 and 4

36
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming (mode of training)

A

Endurance training

Large muscle, aerobic

37
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming (Frequency)

A

3 to 7 days/week

38
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming (duration)

A

20-60 minutes

39
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming (intensity)

A

50-85% of peak HR

Lower intensity 40-70% is very good too

40
Q

Best ways to control hypertension

A 
Medications
Healthy diet
Exercise
Management of emotional stress 
Weight control
41
Q

Diuretics (water pills)

A

Work by flushing excess water & sodium from the body thus lowering BP, which may be enough along with lifestyle changes to control blood pressure (stage 1)

42
Q

Beta blockers

A

Work by blocking certain nerves & hormonal signals to the heart & blood vessels thus lowering blood pressure

43
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Prevent calcium from going into the heart & blood vessels muscle cells causing the cells to relax, which lower BP

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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