12 - Arthritis

Question 1

Definition of arthritis

Answer 1

A group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body

Question 2

Most common forms of arthritis (2) + %

Answer 2

Rheumatoid arthritis (1% of population)
Osteoarthritis (10% of population)

Question 3

Main problems of arthritis (2)

Answer 3

Decrease in

Presence of

Question 4

Prevalence of arthritis

Answer 4

4 million Canadiens (1 in 7 people)

The most common cause of long-term disability in Canada

Question 5

More than ____ Canadians are classified as disabled because of arthritis

Answer 5

600 000

Question 6

Why is the number going up?

Answer 6

Aging of the population (average age increasing)

Question 7

2 impacts of arthritis on daily life

Answer 7

Pain can prevent activities in people living with arthritis

Physical inactivity is slightly higher in people living with arthritis

Question 8

Can the inflammation/joint deformity be painful?

Answer 8

Yes so you want to stretch during a period when they have less symptoms

Question 9

Definition of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 9

Inflammation occurs in the synovial membranes that cover a joint capsule and spreads throughout the joint

Question 10

Most common area of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 10

Wrists, hands, knee, feet, cervical spine

Question 11

Rheumatoid is ___ more common in ___

Answer 11

3 times, females

Question 12

Age of usual onset of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

20-50 years old

Question 13

Rheumatoid arthritis affects more than one joint and usually symmetrical

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Rheumatoid arthritis - disease type

Answer 14

Systemic = the entire body is affected

Question 15

S/S of systemic disease (example)

Answer 15

Fever, pallor, inflammation of tear and salivary glands

Question 16

Purpose of medication in rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 16

Reduce joint inflammation and pain + immunosuppressive drugs

Question 17

Cause of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 17

Malfunction of the immune system (autoimmune disease)

Question 18

What new thing can help diagnose RA?

Answer 18

Blood test for inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein)

Question 19

What is C-reactive protein?

Answer 19

Protein produced by the liver and found in the blood.

CRP levels in the blood rise in response to inflammation

Question 20

Difference between RA and OA

Answer 20

RA is loss of space in the synovial cavity

OA is bone spur (loss of cartilage)

Question 21

Most common form of arthritis in children

Answer 21

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Question 22

Average age of onset of juvenile RA + age of peaks

Answer 22

6 years old

2 peaks occur between 2-4 and 8-11

Question 23

Juvenile RA: complete functional recovery in about __% of the cases

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

Juvenile RA: period of exacerbation last from ___ to ____

Answer 24

1 week to several months

Question 25

What are the warning signs of rheumatoid arthritis? (6)

Answer 25

1. Inflammation (Pain, swelling, tenderness, hear, or redness in a joint) 2. Inflammation may start gradually or with a sudden severe attack 3. Morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes 4. Pain in 3 or more joints at the same time or in a joint all night long 5. Low energy and fatigue 6. Possible fever and weight loss

Question 26

From all the warning signs of RA, which ones are indicative of systemic disease? (2)

Answer 26

5. Low energy and fatigue | 6. Possible fever and weight loss

Question 27

Most common form of arthritis

Answer 27

Osteoarthritis

Question 28

Commonly affected joints of osteoarthritis (4)

Answer 28

hands, hips, spine, knees

Question 29

What is common about the hips, spine, and knees joints?

Answer 29

Weight-bearing joints

Question 30

Purpose of medication for osteoarthritis

Answer 30

Reduce joint pain and inflammation

Question 31

Causes of osteoarthritis (4 + example)

Answer 31

``` Genetic predisposition Joint trauma (knees of football players) Excessive weight (obesity) Overuse syndrome (hands of hairdressers) ```

Question 32

Osteoarthritis - disease type

Answer 32

Peripheral (local effect)

Question 33

OA mainly affects people of age ___

Answer 33

50 +

Question 34

Symptoms of OA get __ as the day goes on? why?

Answer 34

Worse because of fatigue

Question 35

Medication to manage osteoarthritis

Answer 35

Glucosamine

Question 36

Treatment to manage arthritis

Answer 36

Exercise (helps reduce pain and prevent further joint damage)

Question 37

Effect of joint movement on arthritis

Answer 37

Mechanical pressure over the cartilage brings nutrients + squeezes out waste

Question 38

Effect of absence of movement on arthritis

Answer 38

Cartilage will starve + crumble away | Tendons and ligaments will shrink, stiffen up + become weaker

Question 39

Exercise of inflamed joints strengthens the muscles around the joint, which results in ____ pain

Answer 39

Less

Question 40

Training intensity chart - RED workout (symptoms and training intensity)

Answer 40

Symptoms = More than normal pain (joints in flare-up) | Training intensity = rest and recover + ROM

Question 41

Training intensity chart - YELLOW workout (symptoms and training intensity)

Answer 41

Symptoms = Normal pain/joint discomfort | Training intensity = Normal exercise routine

Question 42

Training intensity chart - GREEN workout (symptoms and training intensity)

Answer 42

Symptoms = Better than normal pain (joints feeling good) | Training intensity = Try something new (increase time, weight, sets/reps)

Question 43

Exercise recommendations from the arthritis society - If the joint is affected but not painful

Answer 43

``` ROM exercise (hold 2-3 seconds) Stretching exercise (hold 20-30 sec) ```

Question 44

Exercise recommendations from the arthritis society - If the joint is slightly swollen, but neither hot nor painful

Answer 44

Cut the repetitions in half

Question 45

Exercise recommendations from the arthritis society - If the joint is hot, swollen + painful

Answer 45

1 or 2 repetitions of the ROM exercises and no stretching

Question 46

Strengthening exercises - If the joint is affected but not painful

Answer 46

15 to 30 reps with low load

Question 47

Strengthening exercises - If the joint is slightly swollen, mildly painful

Answer 47

Avoid strengthening exercises

Question 48

Exercises (different ways to decrease symptoms of arthritis (name 2)

Answer 48

Relaxation | Heat/cold

Question 49

Effect of heat on arthritis

Answer 49

Helps relax aching muscles, reduces joint pain and soreness (not recommended for swollen joints)

Question 50

Effect of cold on arthritis

Answer 50

Helps to lessen the pain and swelling in a joint

Question 51

Joint protection - To prevent joint deteorioration

Answer 51

Important to be kind to the body. After doing heavy work, or doing the same task over and over = stop or slow down Important to use arms, legs and back in a safe way to avoid stress on joints

Question 52

Surgery for arthritis

Answer 52

Can be considered if the joint becomes badly damaged, or if the pain is too strong

Question 53

Benefits of surgery for arthritis (3)

Answer 53

Less pain Better movement and function *Better physical appearance

Question 54

Joint reconstruction can be minor or major

Answer 54

TRUE