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KCEP 210 Final exam > 14 - Aging and frailty > Flashcards

14 - Aging and frailty Flashcards

1
Q

At what age is someone considered a senior?

A

65+

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2
Q

For the first time ever, Canada has now ___ seniors than children

A

More

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3
Q

1 in ___ Canadians is at least 65 years old

__ % of the population

A

1 in 6

16%

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4
Q

If current population trends continue, it is estimated that senior will outnumber children by a factor of ___ in 20 years time

A

3:2

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5
Q

What is the median age of the Canadian population

A

40

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6
Q

What is the most common condition found among the elderly? Second most?

A
  1. Arthritis

2. High BP

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7
Q

T or F: some older adults have more than 1 condition (give an example)

A

True

ex: stroke and high BP because they are closely related

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8
Q

What is frailty?

A

Acceleration in physical and cognitive decline due to aging

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9
Q

Frailty - diagnosis based on these elements (5)

A
  • Muscle weakness
  • Decrease physical activity
  • Decrease walking speed
  • Physical exhaustion
  • Unintentional weight loss
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10
Q

What is the holistic definition of frailty?

A

Increase vulnerability to internal and external stressors (due to decrease physiological reserves)

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11
Q

What does allostatic load refers to?

A

Refers to the long-term effects of continued exposure to chronic stress on the body

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12
Q

Frailty is a preventable condition

A

True

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13
Q

Ways to prevent frailty in seniors (3)

A

Exercise
Nutrition
Socialization!!!

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14
Q

Key terms in frailty - Sarcopenia

A

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Associated with increase physiological and functional vulnerability

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15
Q

Key terms in frailty - Osteopenia

A

Age-related loss of bone mineral density associated with increase risk of osteoporosis

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16
Q

Def of balance disorders

A

Disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, or have a sensation of movement when standing or lying down

17
Q

Cause of balance disorders

A

Certain health conditions (ex: high BP), medications, or a problem in the inner ear or the brain

18
Q

Def of nutritional problems

A

Elderly sometimes lose their appetites, and do not eat correctly
They may not feel like eating or are simply lonely. They may not have the energy or are on limited budgets

19
Q

Physiological changes associated with aging - Cardiovascular change in function

A

Decrease Vo2 peak and max HR

Increase resting and exercise BP

20
Q

Vo2 peak in order of population type

A

Athletic young adults
Athletic older adults
Sedentary older adults
Frail older adults

21
Q

Physiological changes associated with aging – Musculoskeletal

A

Decrease muscle strength, flexibility, balance and muscle mass

22
Q

Muscle strength decrease by ___ for 65 years old men and by ___ for 65 years old women

A

??

23
Q

Physiological changes associated with aging – Nervous

A

Increase time of reaction (decrease conduction speed by 20%)

Decrease sensory system

24
Q

Why does the nerve conduction decrease by 20% in older adults?

A

Because of neuronal degeneration

25
Q

Physiological changes associated with aging – Metabolic

A

Decrease basal metabolic rate and lean body mass

Increase body fat

26
Q

Which variable has showed the strongest correlation with the risk of falls in older adults?

A

Increase time of reaction

27
Q

Name the factors leading to sarcopenia and frailty

A
  1. Lifestyle (low PA level)
  2. Genetic
  3. Dietary (decrease calorie and protein intake)
  4. Medial conditions + insulin resistance (decrease blood flow)
  5. Decrease testosterone and vitamin D
28
Q

Which training mode can decrease the risk of reaching the disability threshold?

A

Strength training

29
Q

Postural changes associated with frail older adults

A
  • Forward head position
  • Rounded shoulders
  • Kyphosis (rounded back)
  • Knee flexion
  • Progressive***
30
Q

Gait changes in the older adult (1 increase 6 decrease)

A
  1. Decreased velocity
  2. Decreased step length
  3. Decreased step rate (Cadence)
  4. Decreased swing phase (time)
  5. Increased stance phase (time)
  6. Decreased hip, knee, ankle flexion
  7. Decreased power generation at push-off
31
Q

Exercise recommendation for frail seniors – Aerobic large muscle activities GOALS

A

Increase functional capacity and independence (increase cardiovascular fitness)

32
Q

Exercise recommendation for frail seniors – Aerobic large muscle activities RECOMMENDATIONS

A

Intensity = RPE 9-11 (light)
Frequency = 3-5 days/week
Duration 30 min/session
Allow rest periods

33
Q

Exercise recommendation for frail seniors – Strength low level, progressive resistance exercise GOALS

A

Prevent or reverse frailty

34
Q

Exercise recommendation for frail seniors – Strength low level, progressive resistance exercise RECOMMENDATIONS

A

Start program without weight; add weight slowly

35
Q

Exercise recommendation for frail seniors – Flexibility (stretching) GOALS

A

Prevent injury (ex: frozen shoulder)

36
Q

Exercise recommendation for frail seniors – Neuromuscular (one-foot stand, tandem gait, balance exercises) GOALS

A

Prevent falls

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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