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Neuro Exam 2 > 7 Visual Pathways and Eye Movements - B > Flashcards

7 Visual Pathways and Eye Movements - B Flashcards

1
Q

The optic n and retina are an outgrowth of what part of the brain

A

Prosencephalon

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2
Q

Light passes from objects in visual field, through pupil to subtend an image upon the retina, which creates

A

Retinal field

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3
Q

Focusing on an object causes it to be centered where

A

Fovea centralis and macula lutea

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4
Q

*Visual fields are divided into what zones

A

Binocular (overlapping zones of eyes) Monocular (seen by one eye)

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5
Q

The monocular zones make up

A

Peripheral vision

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6
Q

Retinal fields are

A

Location on the retina that an object in the visual field is projected

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7
Q

*What are retinal hemispheres

A

Nasal and temporal halves of the retinal fields

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8
Q

*The image formed on the retina is inverted in what directions

A

Lateral and vertical dimensions

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9
Q

*The left half of the visual field is made of

A

Nasal half of the left retina and temporal half of the right retina

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10
Q

*The right half of the visual field is made of

A

Nasal half of the right retina and the temporal half of the retina

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11
Q

*Where does CN 2 decussate

A

Optic chiasm

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12
Q

*The nasal half of the each retina goes where

A

Contralateral optic tract

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13
Q

*The temporal half of each retina goes where

A

Ipsilateral optic tract

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14
Q

*The optic tract of each side consists of

A

Temporal retina fibers of ipsilateral fibers Nasal retina fibers of contralateral fibers

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15
Q

*The optic tract curves posteriorly around the cerebral peduncle and terminates in the

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

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16
Q

*The ventral base of the LGN is formed by

A

Optic tract (retinogeniculate) fibers

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17
Q

The dorsal and lateral borders of the LGN and optic tract are formed by

A

Optic radiations

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18
Q

*The LGN is divided into what cellular layers

A

Magnocellular and parvocellular

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19
Q

*The magnocellular layer is made of

A

Layers 1 and 2 (ventral)

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20
Q

The magnocellular layer receives input from

A

Rods

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21
Q

The magnocellular layer has a _______ receptive field and is sensitive to ___________

A

Large; moving stimuli There are also faster conducting neurons here

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22
Q

*The parvocellular layer is made of what layers

A

3-6

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23
Q

The parvocellular layers receive input from

A

Cones

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24
Q

The parvocellular layer has a _________ receptive field and is sensitive to _________________

A

Small; high acuity color Slower axons than magnocellular and tonically active with stationary objects

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25
Q

*The temporal retina remain uncrossed and terminate in layers ________ of the ipsilateral LGN

A

2, 3, 5

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26
Q

*Nasal retina cross to contralateral side and terminate in layers _________

A

1, 4, 6 of contralateral LGN

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27
Q

*The R nasal retina synapses where

A

Left LGN layers 1, 4, 6

28
Q

*The L temporal retina synapses where

A

Left LGN layers 2, 3, 5

29
Q

*The L nasal field synapses where

A

Right LGN layers 1, 4, 6

30
Q

*The R temporal retina synapses where

A

Layers 2, 3, 5 of the right LGN

31
Q

*Secondary neurons from the LGN extend a large bundle of myelinated fibers called the

A

Optic radiation

32
Q

*where do the optic radiations synapse

A

Visual cortex (striate cortex) on the upper and lower banks of the calcarine sulcus

33
Q

*Fibers from the lower quadrant of the contralateral hemifields target what

A

Superior bank of the calcarine sulcus on the cuneus

34
Q

*Fibers from the upper quadrant of the contralateral hemifields target what

A

Inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus on the lingual gyrus

35
Q

Where do fibers from the lower quadrant of the contralateral hemifield originate

A

Dorsomedial portion of LGN and then arch caudally to pass through the retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule

36
Q

*Where do the fibers from the upper quadrant of the contralateral hemifields orginate

A

Ventrolateral portion of LGN and then arch rostrally, passing into the white matter of the temporal lobe to form the meyer loop

37
Q

*Damage to the temporal lobe can cause what visual deficit

A

Superior visual field deficit d/t Meyer’s lobe passing here

38
Q

Inferior visual fields project to the cortex above ________ ________ and superior fields project to the cortex below _________ ________

A

Calcarine sulcus

39
Q

*What is group together as the visual association cortex

A

Areas 18, 19, and parts of the temporal and parietal lobe

40
Q

The superior colliculus does what

A

Spatially directs head movements and visual reflexes

41
Q

What inputs does the superior colliculus receive

A

Retinal input and cortical input

42
Q

The pretectal area is important in what general task

A

Discerning light intensity which is involved in the pupillary light reflex

43
Q

Corticotectal fibers descend to the superior colliculus and control

A

LMN of CN 3, 4, 6 Requires consciousness to test these

44
Q

Hemianopsia is

A

Blindness in one half of the visual field

45
Q

Quadrananopia is

A

Blindness in a quadrant of visual field

46
Q

Homonymous visual fields are

A

Conditions in which visual field losses are similar in both eyes

47
Q

Heteronymous visual fields are

A

Conditions in which the two eyes have non-overlapping field losses

48
Q

Congruous deficits are

A

a similar loss of visual field in each eye (i.e same quadrant); suggests damage closer to occipital lobe

49
Q

Incongruous deficits are

A

Not symetrical

50
Q

Damage anterior to chiasm

A

Only affects ipsilateral eye

51
Q

Damage at the chiasm

A

Causes heteronymous deficits

52
Q

Damage behind chiasm causes

A

Homonymous defects

53
Q

Associative visual agnosia is caused by

A

Infarction of the left occipital lobe and posterior corpus callosum

54
Q

What is associative visual agnosia typically secondary to

A

Posterior cerebral A occlusion

55
Q

What does associative visual agnosia do

A

Disconnects the language area from the visual association cortex

56
Q

What are the symptoms of associative visual agnosia

A

Patient cannot name or describe an object in the visual field but can recognize and demonstrate its use

57
Q

What is formed with a lesion at A

A
58
Q

What is formed with a lesion at B

A
59
Q

What is formed with a lesion at C

A
60
Q

What happens with a lesion at D

A
61
Q

What happens with a lesion at E

A
62
Q

What happens with a lesion at F

A
63
Q

What happens with a lesion at G

A
64
Q

What happens with a lesion a H

A
65
Q

What happens with a lesion at I

A
66
Q

What happens with a lesion at J

A
67
Q

What happens with a lesion at K

A

Neuro Exam 2 (21 decks)

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