7. Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards
For the Sternoclavicular Joint
What two structures are rubbing together?
The Sternal Facet on the Sternal End of the Clavicle
and
The Notch of the Manubrium
For the Sternoclavicular Joint
What type of joint is it?
Sellar Synovial Joint
For the Sternoclavicular Joint
What five ligaments are involved?
Fibrous capsule
Costoclavicular Ligament (rib to clavicle)
Anterior / Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament (thickenings of fibrous capsule)
Interclavicular Ligament (one clavicle to the other)
For the Acromioclavicular Joint
What two bone parts rub together?
Acromial end of the Clavicle
and
Facet on the Acromion of the Scapula
For the Acromioclavicular Joint
What type of joint is it?
Planar Synovial
For the Acromioclavicular Joint
What three ligaments are involved?
Fibrous Capsule with Articular Disc
Acromioclavicular Ligament (from Acromion to Clavicle, most of what holds the joint together)
Coracoclavicular Ligament (has two parts corresponding to the tubercle / line of the sternum)
What two Ligaments make up the Coracoclavicular Ligament?
Conoid Ligament
Trapezoid Ligament
For the Glenohumeral Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Spheroidal Synovial Joint
For the Glenohumeral Joint
What four ligaments are involved?
Fibrous Capsule (no articular disc)
Glenohumeral Ligament
Coracoacromial Ligament (protects from superior dislocation of the humerus)
Coracohumeral Ligament (goes from the base of the coracoid process to the humerus)
What all makes up the Coracoacromial Arch?
The Acromion, the Coracoid Process, and the Coracoacromial Ligament
What does the Transverse Humeral Ligament do?
Goes from the Greater Tubercle of the Humerus to the Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus
Holds the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Tendon in the Intertubercular Groove.
What two Bursa are associated with the Synovial Membrane of the Glenohumeral Joint?
Subacromial Bursa
Subscapular Bursa
What two ways is the humerus most likely to dislocate?
Why?
Anteriorly or Inferiorly
The Coracoacromial Arch stops Superior and Posterior Dislocation
The Humerus would strike the Acromion of the Scapula posteriorly
For the Elbow Joint
What three bone structures are involved?
Humeral Condyle (Trochlea / Capitulum)
Trochlear Notch of the Ulna
Head of the Radius
For the Elbow Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Ginglymous Synovial (hinge joint)
For the Elbow Joint
What four ligaments are involved?
Fibrous capsule
Lateral / Medial (Radial / Ulnar) Collateral Ligament of the Elbow
Annular Ligament of the Elbow (Ulna -> wraps around the joint -> Ulna)
For the Elbow Joint
What 7 Bursae are present?
Subcutaneous Bursa of the Medial / Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Bursa of Anconius
Bursa at the Origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Subtendinous Olecranon Bursae
Intratendinous Olecranon Bursae
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursae
What ligament is likely to tear if the Elbow dislocates posteriorly?
Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament of the Humerus
Excessive friction between the skin and the Olecranon can cause what disease?
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis
Also called Student’s / Miners / Dart Thrower’s Elbow
For the Proximal Radioulnar Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Trochoid Synovial
Try not to get confused by the structure here. Just remember that this is the primary site of Pronation / Supination and remember that is a pivot motion
What is the Sacciform Recess?
Protrusion of Synovial Membrane from the Annular Ligament of the Elbow
For the Medial Radioulnar Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Syndesmosis
What “sheet” serves as the ligament of the Medial Radioulnar Joint?
The Interosseous Membrane of the Radioulnar Joint
For the Distal Radioulnar Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Trochoid Synovial
Same as the proximal to allow for Supination and Pronation
What ligament is the Radial Head somewhat likely to dislocate from?
What might this condition be called?
The Annular Ligament of the Elbow
Nursemaid’s Elbow
For the Radiocarpal Joint
What bone structures are involved?
Radial Articular Surface for the Carpal Bones (yep)
Proximal Row of Carpal Bones
(Not the Ulna. The Ulna gets its time to shine with the Trochlea of the Humerus)
For the Radiocarpal Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Condyloid Synovial
For the Radiocarpal Joint
What blocks out the Ulna?
The Articulating Disc
For the Radiocarpal Joint
What 7 ligaments are involved?
Fibrous Capsule
Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament / Dorsal Ulnocarpal Ligament
Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament / Palmar Ulnocarpal Ligament
Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament of the Wrist
Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament of the Wrist
For the Intercarpal Joints
What kind of joints are we dealing with?
Planar Synovial
For the Intercarpal Joints
What three ligaments are we responsible for?
(2 general, 1 specific)
Dorsal / Palmar Intercarpal Ligaments (easy)
Pisohamate Ligament
For the Midcarpal Joint
What kind of joint is it, technically?
Why do I say “technically?”
Sellar Synovial
Ligaments prevent it from moving
For the First Carpometacarpal Joint
What kind of joint is it?
Sellar Synovial
For the First Carpometacarpal Joint
What three ligaments are involved?
Fibrous capsule (separate from the other Carpometacarpal joints)
Palmar Carpometacarpal Ligaments
Dorsal Carpometacarpal Ligaments
For the 2nd - 5th Carpometacarpal Joints
What kind of joint is it?
Planar Synovial
For the 2nd - 5th Carpometacarpal Joints
What ligaments are involved?
Palmar / Dorsal Carpometacarpal Ligaments
Pisometacarpal Ligament (Pisiform to the 5th Metacarpal)
Radiate Carpal Ligament (fanning out from the Capitate)
For the Intermetacarpal Joints
What kind of joints are they?
Planar Synovial
For the Intermetacarpal Joints
What three ligaments are involved?
Palmar / Dorsal Intermetacarpal Ligaments
Interosseus Intermetacarpal Ligament (runs between the metacarpals)
For the Metacarpophalangeal Joints
What kind of joints?
Chondylar Synovial
“Flex, extend, and uh-uh *wags finger*”
For the Metacarpophalangeal Joints
What 5 ligaments are involved?
Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (of a given digit)
Palmar Ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (of a given digit) [acts as a floor for tendons]
Deep / Superficial Transverse Ligaments (join the heads of the metacarpals together)
What ligament is sprained in Bull Rider’s Thumb?
Don’t say it out loud in one breath; you may pass out.
What may avulse in severe cases?
The Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the First Digit
The lateral part of the Proximal Phalanx of the First Digit
What causes Skier’s / Gamekeeper’s Thumb?
Laxity or rupture of both the Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Metacarpophalangial Joint of the First Digit.
For the Interphalangeal Joints
What kind of joints are they?
Ginglymous Joints
For the Interphalangeal Joints
What three ligaments are present in each joint?
Medial / Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Proximal / Distal Interphalangeal Joint (of a given digit)
Palmar Ligament of the Proximal / Distal Interphalangeal Joint (of a given digit)
The first digit only has one interphalangeal joint, so its ligaments are just named … Ligament of the Interphalangeal Joint of the First Digit (no Distal / Proximal)
What is “Baseball” or “Mallet” Finger?
Sudden hyperflexion of a Distal Interphalangeal Joint avulsing the attachment of an extensor tendon away from the Distal Phalanx
What is the name of the structure made of the Deep Cervical Fascia between the Subclavius and the Pectoralis Minor?
The Costocoracoid Membrane
When the Deep Cervical Fascia comes out of the neck heading inferiorly, what muscles does it invest?
Subclavius
Pectoralis Minor
What is the name of the Deep Cervical Fascia surrounding the Pectoralis Minor M.?
Clavipectoral Fascia
Inferior to Pectoralis Minor M., what does the Deep Cervical Fascia become?
What does that structure do?
Suspensory Ligament of the Axilla
Holds up the Axillary Fascia
What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the Brachial Fascia?
The Medial and Lateral Intermuscular Septum
Which septum of the Brachium has a compartment for the Brachial Artery?
The Medial Intermuscular Septum
What is the major structure which separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the antebrachium?
The Interosseous Membrane of the Medial Radioulnar Joint
What palmar and dorsal structures of the wrist are both thickenings of the Antebrachial Deep Fascia?
The Extensor Retinaculum and the Palmar Carpal Ligament
What extra special structure of the palmar wrist adds extra support, and is not made of fascia.
The Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal Ligament)
What is a Synovial Cyst?
Accumulation of mucopolysaccaride fluid in the Synovial Sheath due to irritation
What do we call the thickened region of Palmar Fascia, which continues from / to the Palmaris Longus M. if present?
The Palmar Aponeurosis
What is the Retinacula Cutis?
Small ligaments which anchor the skin of the palm to the Palmar Aponeurosis
What do the Fibrous Digital Sheaths do?
What helps keep this lubricated?
Hold Flexor / Extensor Tendons to the bones of the fingers.
More Synovial Sheathes.
What is Dupuytren Contracture?
What is the obvious symptom?
Disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the Palmar Aponeurosis and Palmar Fascia.
Partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits.
