7. Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards by Darren Rippee

For the Sternoclavicular Joint

What two structures are rubbing together?

The Sternal Facet on the Sternal End of the Clavicle

and

The Notch of the Manubrium

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For the Sternoclavicular Joint

What type of joint is it?

Sellar Synovial Joint

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For the Sternoclavicular Joint

What five ligaments are involved?

Fibrous capsule

Costoclavicular Ligament (rib to clavicle)

Anterior / Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament (thickenings of fibrous capsule)

Interclavicular Ligament (one clavicle to the other)

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For the Acromioclavicular Joint

What two bone parts rub together?

Acromial end of the Clavicle

and

Facet on the Acromion of the Scapula

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For the Acromioclavicular Joint

What type of joint is it?

Planar Synovial

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For the Acromioclavicular Joint

What three ligaments are involved?

Fibrous Capsule with Articular Disc

Acromioclavicular Ligament (from Acromion to Clavicle, most of what holds the joint together)

Coracoclavicular Ligament (has two parts corresponding to the tubercle / line of the sternum)

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What two Ligaments make up the Coracoclavicular Ligament?

Conoid Ligament

Trapezoid Ligament

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For the Glenohumeral Joint

What kind of joint is it?

Spheroidal Synovial Joint

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For the Glenohumeral Joint

What four ligaments are involved?

Fibrous Capsule (no articular disc)

Glenohumeral Ligament

Coracoacromial Ligament (protects from superior dislocation of the humerus)

Coracohumeral Ligament (goes from the base of the coracoid process to the humerus)

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What all makes up the Coracoacromial Arch?

The Acromion, the Coracoid Process, and the Coracoacromial Ligament

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What does the Transverse Humeral Ligament do?

Goes from the Greater Tubercle of the Humerus to the Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus

Holds the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Tendon in the Intertubercular Groove.

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What two Bursa are associated with the Synovial Membrane of the Glenohumeral Joint?

Subacromial Bursa

Subscapular Bursa

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What two ways is the humerus most likely to dislocate?

Why?

Anteriorly or Inferiorly

The Coracoacromial Arch stops Superior and Posterior Dislocation

The Humerus would strike the Acromion of the Scapula posteriorly

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For the Elbow Joint

What three bone structures are involved?

Humeral Condyle (Trochlea / Capitulum)

Trochlear Notch of the Ulna

Head of the Radius

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For the Elbow Joint

What kind of joint is it?

Ginglymous Synovial (hinge joint)

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For the Elbow Joint

What four ligaments are involved?

Fibrous capsule

Lateral / Medial (Radial / Ulnar) Collateral Ligament of the Elbow

Annular Ligament of the Elbow (Ulna -> wraps around the joint -> Ulna)

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For the Elbow Joint

What 7 Bursae are present?

Subcutaneous Bursa of the Medial / Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus

Bursa of Anconius

Bursa at the Origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Subtendinous Olecranon Bursae

Intratendinous Olecranon Bursae

Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursae

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What ligament is likely to tear if the Elbow dislocates posteriorly?

Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament of the Humerus

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Excessive friction between the skin and the Olecranon can cause what disease?

Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis

Also called Student’s / Miners / Dart Thrower’s Elbow

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For the Proximal Radioulnar Joint

What kind of joint is it?

Trochoid Synovial

Try not to get confused by the structure here. Just remember that this is the primary site of Pronation / Supination and remember that is a pivot motion

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What is the Sacciform Recess?

Protrusion of Synovial Membrane from the Annular Ligament of the Elbow

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For the Medial Radioulnar Joint

What kind of joint is it?

Syndesmosis

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What “sheet” serves as the ligament of the Medial Radioulnar Joint?

The Interosseous Membrane of the Radioulnar Joint

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For the Distal Radioulnar Joint

What kind of joint is it?

Trochoid Synovial

Same as the proximal to allow for Supination and Pronation

What ligament is the Radial Head somewhat likely to dislocate from? What might this condition be called?

The Annular Ligament of the Elbow Nursemaid's Elbow

For the Radiocarpal Joint What bone structures are involved?

Radial Articular Surface for the Carpal Bones *(yep)* Proximal Row of Carpal Bones *(Not the Ulna. The Ulna gets its time to shine with the Trochlea of the Humerus)*

For the Radiocarpal Joint What kind of joint is it?

Condyloid Synovial

For the Radiocarpal Joint What blocks out the Ulna?

The Articulating Disc

For the Radiocarpal Joint What 7 ligaments are involved?

Fibrous Capsule Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament / Dorsal Ulnocarpal Ligament Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament / Palmar Ulnocarpal Ligament Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament of the Wrist Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament of the Wrist

For the Intercarpal Joints What kind of joints are we dealing with?

Planar Synovial

For the Intercarpal Joints What three ligaments are we responsible for? (2 general, 1 specific)

Dorsal / Palmar Intercarpal Ligaments *(easy)* Pisohamate Ligament

For the Midcarpal Joint What kind of joint is it, technically? Why do I say "technically?"

Sellar Synovial Ligaments prevent it from moving

For the First Carpometacarpal Joint What kind of joint is it?

Sellar Synovial

For the First Carpometacarpal Joint What three ligaments are involved?

Fibrous capsule (**separate from the other Carpometacarpal joints**) Palmar Carpometacarpal Ligaments Dorsal Carpometacarpal Ligaments

For the 2^nd - 5^th Carpometacarpal Joints What kind of joint is it?

Planar Synovial

For the 2^nd - 5^th Carpometacarpal Joints What ligaments are involved?

Palmar / Dorsal Carpometacarpal Ligaments Pisometacarpal Ligament (Pisiform to the 5th Metacarpal) Radiate Carpal Ligament (fanning out from the Capitate)

For the Intermetacarpal Joints What kind of joints are they?

Planar Synovial

For the Intermetacarpal Joints What three ligaments are involved?

Palmar / Dorsal Intermetacarpal Ligaments _Interosseus Intermetacarpal Ligament_ (runs between the metacarpals)

For the Metacarpophalangeal Joints What kind of joints?

Chondylar Synovial ## Footnote *"Flex, extend, and uh-uh \*wags finger\*"*

For the Metacarpophalangeal Joints What 5 ligaments are involved?

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (of a given digit) Palmar Ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (of a given digit) [acts as a floor for tendons] Deep / Superficial Transverse Ligaments (join the heads of the metacarpals together)

What ligament is sprained in Bull Rider's Thumb? *Don't say it out loud in one breath; you may pass out.* What may avulse in severe cases?

The Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the First Digit The lateral part of the Proximal Phalanx of the First Digit

What causes Skier's / Gamekeeper's Thumb?

Laxity or rupture of **both** the Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Metacarpophalangial Joint of the First Digit.

For the Interphalangeal Joints What kind of joints are they?

Ginglymous Joints

For the Interphalangeal Joints What three ligaments are present in each joint?

Medial / Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Proximal / Distal Interphalangeal Joint (of a given digit) Palmar Ligament of the Proximal / Distal Interphalangeal Joint (of a given digit) *The first digit only has one interphalangeal joint, so its ligaments are just named ... Ligament of the Interphalangeal Joint of the First Digit (no Distal / Proximal)*

What is "Baseball" or "Mallet" Finger?

Sudden hyperflexion of a Distal Interphalangeal Joint avulsing the attachment of an extensor tendon away from the Distal Phalanx

What is the name of the structure made of the Deep Cervical Fascia between the Subclavius and the Pectoralis Minor?

The Costocoracoid Membrane

When the Deep Cervical Fascia comes out of the neck heading inferiorly, what muscles does it invest?

Subclavius Pectoralis Minor

What is the name of the Deep Cervical Fascia surrounding the Pectoralis Minor M.?

Clavipectoral Fascia

Inferior to Pectoralis Minor M., what does the Deep Cervical Fascia become? What does that structure do?

Suspensory Ligament of the Axilla Holds up the Axillary Fascia

What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the Brachial Fascia?

The Medial and Lateral Intermuscular Septum

Which septum of the Brachium has a compartment for the Brachial Artery?

The Medial Intermuscular Septum

What is the major structure which separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the antebrachium?

The Interosseous Membrane of the Medial Radioulnar Joint

What palmar and dorsal structures of the wrist are both thickenings of the Antebrachial Deep Fascia?

The Extensor Retinaculum and the Palmar Carpal Ligament

What extra special structure of the palmar wrist adds extra support, and is not made of fascia.

The Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal Ligament)

What is a Synovial Cyst?

Accumulation of mucopolysaccaride fluid in the Synovial Sheath due to irritation

What do we call the thickened region of Palmar Fascia, which continues from / to the Palmaris Longus M. if present?

The Palmar Aponeurosis

What is the Retinacula Cutis?

Small ligaments which anchor the skin of the palm to the Palmar Aponeurosis

What do the Fibrous Digital Sheaths do? What helps keep this lubricated?

Hold Flexor / Extensor Tendons to the bones of the fingers. More Synovial Sheathes.

What is Dupuytren Contracture? What is the obvious symptom?

Disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the **Palmar Aponeurosis** and **Palmar Fascia**. Partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits.