5. Back Angiology / Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is different about the right and left subclavian / common carotid arteries?

A

The right Subclavian and Common Carotid Artery come off of an intermediate structure called the Brachiocephalic Trunk.

The left Subclavian Artery and Common Carotid Arteries come directly off of the Aorta

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2
Q

What branch of the Subclavian Artery eventually supplies the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

The Axillary Artery

(Subclavian -> Axillary Artery -> Thoracodorsal Artery -> Latissimus Dorsi)

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3
Q

What branch of the Subclavian Artery eventually supplies the Trapezius?

A

The Thyrocervical Trunk (becomes the Transverse Cervical Artery)

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4
Q

What 8 Arteries supply the Spinal Arteries?

(Themselves called “Paraspinal Arteries”)

A

Vertebral A.

Ascending Cervical A.

Deep Cervical A.

Posterior Intercostal A.

Subcostal A.

Lumbar A.

Iliolumbar A.

Lateral Sacral A.

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5
Q

What are the branches of the Paraspinal Arteries?

A

Anterior / Posterior Vertebral Canal Branches (Runs along the periphery of the interior of the vertebral canal)

Anterior / Posterior Radicular Ateries (Don’t make it to the Spinal A.)

Anterior / Posterior Segmental Medullary Arteries (Do make it to the Spinal A)

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6
Q

How many Cervical Nerves are there?

A

There are 8

Cervical Nerve 1 exits above the Atlas B.

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7
Q

Where are there swellings in the spinal cord, and what are they called?

A

Cervical Region - Cervical Enlargement

Lumbar Region - Lumbar Enlargement

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8
Q

What is the name for the terminal cone of the spinal cord?

A

Medullary Cone

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9
Q

How many Sacral Nerves are there?

A

There are 5

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10
Q

How many Coccygeal Nerves are there?

A

Just 1

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11
Q

What is the Cauda Equina?

A

A “mess of nerve roots” inferior to the Medullary Cone

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12
Q

What might the symptoms be of damage to the spinal cord at C6-8?

A

Variable upper limb function, loss of hand function, loss of lower body function.

(Damage to the spinal nerve eliminates sensation and function of muscles below the lesion)

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13
Q

Where does CSF circluate in the spinal cord?

A

The Subarachnoid Space

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14
Q

What do we call the protrusions of Pia Mater into the Subarachnoid Space?

A

Denticulate Ligaments

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15
Q

What is the Dural Arachnoid Interface?

A

The theoretical space between the Dura Mater and the Arachnoid Mater. In reality, these are pressed together by the pressure of the CSF.

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16
Q

What do we call the fat filled space exterior to the Dura Mater?

Why is this clinically relevant?

A

The Epidural Space

It is the site of Epidural Administration (Anesthetics, contrast dyes, etc)

17
Q

What is the Lumbar Cistern?

What is its clinical relevance?

A

The space inferior to the medullary cone where there is a swelling of the Subarachnoid Space for pooling of CSF

It is the site of spinal taps

18
Q

What two Vertebrae do you go through to perform a spinal tap?

A

L3/L4 or L4/L5

19
Q

What do the spinal nerves do?

A

They exit the Vertebral Foramen and immediately split, ceasing to exist. After that, they are either Posterior or Anterior Rami

20
Q

Where is the Spinal Ganglion?

A

On the Dorsal Spinal Root

(It’s also called the Dorsal Root Ganglion)

21
Q

What three things do the Posterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves do?

A

Innervation of the Intrinsic Muscles of the back

Innervation of the Zygapophyseal joint

Innervation of the skin of the mid-back through the Cutaneous Branches

22
Q

The Suboccipital Nerve is the Posterior Ramus of what nerve?

A

C1 Spinal Nerve

23
Q

The Greater Suboccipital Nerve is the Posterior Ramus of what Spinal Nerve?

A

C2 Spinal Nerve