3. Back Arthrology Flashcards
What are the three major classifications of joints?
Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
What must every Synovial Joint have to be considered as such?
Joint Capsule
Hyaline Cartilage (on both edges)
Synovial Fluid
What is another term for a Ginglymus joint?
Hinge Joint
Eg elbow
What is another name for a Trochoid joint?
Pivot joint
What is another name for a Sellar joint?
Saddle Joint
What is the shape of a Chondyloid joint?
Football in a cup
What are the four types of Fibrous joints?
Sutures (Skull)
Gomphosis (Tooth in socket)
Schindylesis (Tongue in groove)
Syndesmosis (Radioulnar Joint - sheet of fibrous connective tissue)
What are the two types of Cartilagenous joints and their characteristics?
Synchondrosis: usually transient - while the bone is growing
Symphysis: fibrocartilaginous attachment between bones (eg, the intervertebral disc)
What membrane does the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament become superiorly?
The Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
What does the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament become superiorly?
The Tectorial Membrane
What does the Ligamentum Flavum become superiorly?
The Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
What does the Supraspinous Ligament become superiorly?
The Nuchal Ligament
What are the two structures of the intervertebral disk?
Annulus Fibrosis (Fibrous outside)
Nucleus Pulposus (Gooey center)
What structures are involved in the joint of Luschka?
The Uncinate process of a vertebra, and the inferor portion of the vertebral body for the vertebra above.
What ligament is often damaged in whiplash?
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Why do we keep patients who have a fracture of the vertebral column in a position of extension?
Because the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament can act as a splint.
Where do disc herniations typically occur?
Why do they occur there?
Typically the Nucleus Pulposis ejects into the posteriolateral side of the disc of the lower lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5 especially)
Because the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament is narrow, there is no support on either side of it to the back of the disk (posteriolaterally). Also, since the lumbar discs are large, there is more movement that can incite a herniation.
For any given two vertebrae of the cervical or lumbar regions, a prolapse will affect which of the two vertebrae’s spinal nerve?
(Eg, there is a prolapse of C1 and C2, which nerve is affected?)
The second one.
(C2’s spinal nerve will be affected)
For the Atlantooccipital Joint
What are the bones involved?
What is the joint type?
What ligaments are involved?
Occipital Bone / Atlas
Condyloid Synovial
Anterior Atlantoocipital Membrane
Posterior Atlantoocipital Membrane
Tectoral Membrane
For the Atlantoaxial Joint
What are the bones involved?
What is the joint type?
What ligaments are involved?
Atlas and Axis
Compound Synovial (Trochoid / Zygapophysial)
Cruciate Ligaments
(Transverse, Superior, Inferior)
Alar Ligaments
Apical Ligament of the Dens
For a generic Cervical Joint:
What are the bones involved?
What is the joint type?
What ligaments are involved?
Cervical Vertebrae
Compound (Symphasis and Zygapophyseal)
Anterior / Posterior Longatudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
Intertransverse Ligaments
Interspinus Ligament
Nuccal Ligament
For a generic Thoracic or Lumbar Joint:
What are the bones involved?
What is the joint type?
What ligaments are involved?
Thoracic or Lumbar Vertebrae
Compound (Symphasis and Zygapophyseal)
Anterior / Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments
Ligamentum Flavum
Intertransverse / Interspinous Ligaments
Supraspinous Ligament
For the Lumbosacral Joint
What ligaments are absent from this joint?
Interspinous Ligaments
Intertransverse Ligaments
Supraspinous Ligament
(Are absent at the lumbosacral joint)
