10. Upper Extremity Myology Flashcards
For the Pectoralis Major M.
What are the attachments?
Sheath of Rectus Abdominis, Clavical, Sternum
goes to
Lateral Edge of the Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
(covers the long head of Biceps Brachii M)
For the Pectoralis Major M.
What are the major actions?
Adduct and Medially Rotate Humerus
Protract and Depress Scapula
Flex Humerus
Return Humerus from flexed to neutral
For the Pectoralis Major M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve
Artery: Pectoral Branch of the Thoracoacromial Trunk
For Pectoralis Minor M.
What are the attachments?
Upper Ribs to the Coracoid Process of the Scapula
For Pectoralis Minor M.
What is the action?
Stabilizes the Scapula by holding it to the Thoracic Wall.
For Pectoralis Minor M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Medal Pectoral Nerve
(It gets pity innervated on the way to the Pectoralis Major M.)
Artery: Pectoral Branch of the Throacoacromial Trunk
For the Subclavius M.
What are the attachments?
First rib
to
Inferior aspect of the Clavicle
For the Subclavius M.
What is the Action?
Depresses the Clavicle
For the Subclavius M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Nerve to the Subclavius
Artery: Clavicular Branch of the Thoracoacromial Trunk
For the Serratus Anterior M.
What are the attachments?
Lateral Aspect of the Ribs
to
Deep surface of the medial border of the Scapula.
For the Serratus Anterior M.
What are the actions?
Protraction of the Scapula
(Boxer’s Serratus Anterior Muscles are buff for this reason)
Superior Rotation of the Glenoid Cavity
(Pulls the medial border down towards the ribs - lateral end goes up)
Stabalizes the Scapula by pulling it to the Thoracic Wall
For the Serratus Anterior M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Long Thoracic Nerve
Artery: Lateral Thoracic Artery
What might damage to the Serratus Anterior or Long Thoracic Nerve cause?
What motion does this prevent?
“Winging” of the Scapula
The Scapula is no longer Stabalized against the Thoracic Wall
Abduction of the Upper Extremity beyond the Horizontal Position
For the Deltoid M.
What are the Attachments?
Clavicle, Acromion of the Scapula, and Deltoid Tubercle (on the spine) of the Scapula
to
Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus
For the Deltoid M.
What are the actions?
Anterior part: Flex and Internal Rotation of the Humerus
Middle Part / Whole Muscle: Abduction of the Humerus
Posterior Part: Extension of the Shoulder and External Rotation of the Humerus
For the Deltoid M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Artery: Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
For the Subscapularis M.
What are the attachments?
Medial Aspect of its Subscapular Fossa
to
Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus
For the Subscapularis M.
What are its actions?
Medial Rotation of the Humerus
Adduction of the Humerus
For the Subscapularis M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve
Artery: Subscapular Artery
For the Supraspinatus M.
What are the attachments?
Supraspinous Fossa of the Scapula
to
Greater Humeral Tubercle (running over the superior-most part of the Humerus)
For the Supraspinatus M.
What is the action?
Abduction of the Humerus
For the Supraspinatus M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve
Artery: Suprascapular Artery
For the Infraspinatus M.
What are the attachments?
Medial border of its Infraspinous Fossa
Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
For the Infraspinatus M.
What is its action?
External Rotation of the Humerus
For the Infraspinatus M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve
Artery: Suprascapular Artery and Circumflex Scapular Artery
(The Circumflex Scapular Artery comes around the lateral border of the scapula and heads superiorly and medially)
For the Teres Major M.
What are the attachments?
Posterior aspect of the Inferior Angle of the Scapula
to
Intertubercular groove
(Front of the Humerus)
For the Teres Major M.
What are the actions?
Internal rotation of the Humerus
(Pulls the front of the Humerus medially)
Adduction of the Humerus
For the Teres Major M.
What is the innervation and artery?
Nerve: Lower Subscapular Nerve
Artery: Subscapular Artery and Circumflex Scapular Artery
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus M.
Infraspinatus M.
Teres Minor M.
Subscapularis M.
For the Triangular Space
What Muscles make up the border?
What can be found within?
Borders: Teres Major, Teres Minor, Long Head of Triceps Brachii M.
Contains: Circumflex Scapular Artery and Vein
For the Quadrangular Space
What Muscles make up the four borders?
What can be found within?
Borders: Long and Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii M., Teres Major M. Teres Minor M.
Contains: Axillary Artery, Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery, Posterior Circumflex Humeral Vein
(Contents are headed to the Deltoid Muscle, so if you remember the Deltoid M.’s nerve and artery, there you go)
For the Triangular Interval
What Muscles make up its three borders?
What does it contain?
Borders: Long and Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii, Teres Major M.
Contains: Deep Brachial Artery and Vein, Radial Nerve
What part of the Biceps Brachii M. covers the Pronator Teres M.?
The Bicipital Aponeurosis
For the Biceps Brachii M.
What are the attachments?
Long Head to the Supraglenoid Tubercle
Short Head to the Coracoid Process
Both insert on the Radial Tuberosity
The Biceps Brachii skips the Humerus entirely
For the Biceps Brachii M.
What are the Actions?
Flexes Shoulder and Elbow
Supinates
Remember that these Muscles Flex / Extend the Joints they cross
For Biceps Brachii M.
What is the innervation?
Musculocutaneous Nerve
For the Coracobrachialis Muscle
What are the attachments?
Coracoid Process
Medial Aspect of the Humeral Body
For the Coracobrachialis Muscle
What are the actions?
Flexion and adduction of the Shoulder
For the Coracobrachialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Musculocutaneous
For the Brachialis Muscle
What are the attachments?
Distal half of the Humerus
Ulnar Tuberosity / Coranoid Process
For the Brachialis Muscle
What is the action?
Flexion of the Elbow
The Bicep cannot flex a pronated Elbow. The Brachialis does that.
For the Brachialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Musculocutaneous
For the Triceps Brachii M.
Where are the attachments?
Long Head to the Infraglenoid Tubercle
Lateral and Medial Head come from the Humerus (and do not cross the shoulder joint)
All insert into the Olecranon of the Ulna
For the Triceps Brachii M.
What is the action?
Extending the Forearm
For Triceps Brachii Muscle
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
For the Anconius Muscle
What are the attachments?
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
Olecranon
(Even though it attaches to the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle like an extensor and exists entirely in the forearm, it’s considered a posterior compartment Brachial Muscle for this class. This may be because some people consider it to be a continuation of Triceps Brachii M.)
For the Anconius Muscle
What is the action?
Extends the Elbow
For the Anconius Muscle
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
For the Pronator Teres M.
What are the attachements?
Humeral Head to the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
Ulnar Head to the Coranoid Process of the Ulna
Both insert into the lateral aspect of the Radius
For the Pronator Teres M.
What is the action?
Pronation of the Elbow
For the Pronator Teres M.
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
For the Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
What are the attachments?
Medial Humeral Epicondyle
Metacarpal of the Second Digit
For the Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
What are the actions?
Flex the Elbow and Wrist
Abduct the Wrist
For the Flexor Carpi Radialis M.
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
For the Palmaris Longus Muscle
What are the attachments?
Medial Humeral Epicondyle
Palmar Aponeurosis
For the Palmaris Longus Muscle
What is the action (if present)?
Flexes the Elbow and Wrist
For the Palmaris Longus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
For the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
What are the attachements?
Medial Humeral Epicondyle
Pisiform Bone, Hook of the Hamate, 5th Metacarpal
(Inserts everywhere in the medial Wrist)
For the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
What are the actions?
Flexion of the Elbow and Wrist
Adduction of the Wrist
For the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
What is the innervation?
Ulnar Nerve
For the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
What are the attachements?
Medial Humeral Epicondyle, Coronoid Process of the Ulna, superior portion of the Radius
Inserts in the intermediate Phalanges of digits 2-5 in a forked tendon.
For the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
What are the actions?
Flexion of the joints it crosses: Proximal Interphalangeal, Metacarpophalangeal, Carpometacarpal, Wrist, Elbow
For the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Median Nerve
For the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
What are the attachments?
Proximal Ulna and Interosseous Membrane
Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5
For the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
What are the actions?
Flex all of the Muscles of the Hand and Wrist
Does not flex the Elbow
For the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Medial Portion: Ulnar Nerve
Lateral portion: Median Nerve
Its medial portion is directly underneath the ulnar nerve, so it kind of gets accidentally innervated.
For the Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle
What are the attachments?
Radius and Interosseous Membrane
Distal Phalanx of the Thumb
For the Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle
What is the action?
Flexes the Thumb
For the Flexor Pollicus Longus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Anterior Interosseous Nerve
(branch of the Median Nerve)
For the Pronator Quadratus Muscle
What are the attachments?
Distal Ulna to Distal Radius
For the Pronator Quadratus Muscle
What is the action?
Pronation
Holds the Ulna and Radius together
For the Pronator Quadratus Muscle
What is the innervation?
Anterior Interosseous Nerve
What two Antebrachial Extensors are innervated by the Radial Nerve when it is named as such? (before it changes names)
Brachioradialis M.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What two Antebrachial Extensors are innervated by the “Deep” Radial Nerve?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
Supinator M.
What three Antibrachial Extensors are innervated by the Posterior Interosseous Nerve?
Extensor Digitorum M.
Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
For the Brachioradialis Muscle
What are the attachments?
Lateral Supracondylar Ridge
Radius
For the Brachioradialis Muscle
What is the action?
Flexes the Elbow when the Arm is “Mid-Pronated”
(When the thumb is facing up)
For the Brachioradialis Muscle
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
For the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What are the attachments?
Lateral Humeral Supracondylar Ridge
Metacarpal of the 2nd Digit
For the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What is the action?
Extension and ABduction of the Wrist
For the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus M.
What is the innervation?
Radial Nerve
For Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Base of the 3rd Metacarpal
For Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
What are the actions?
Extension and ABduction of the Wrist
For Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Radial Nerve
For the Extensor Digitorum M.
What are the attachments?
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
Extensor Hood
For the Extensor Digitorum M.
What is the action?
Extension of the 2nd-5th Phalanges at every joint.
For the Extensor Digitorum M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interossious Nerve
(comes from the Radial Nerve)
When does the Deep Radial Nerve become the Posterior Interosseous Nerve?
After it ducks under the Supinator and emerges again.
For the Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
What are the attachments?
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
Extensor Hood of 5th Digit
For the Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Extends the 5th Digit
For the Extensor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
For the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
What are the attachements?
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
For the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
What is the action?
Extend and ADduct the Wrist
For the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
(a branch of the Radial Nerve)
This is tough because it has Ulnar in the name, but remember that exception is only true on the Flexor side. ALL of the Extensors of the arm are innervated by the Radial Nerve, or a branch thereof.
For the Supinator Muscle
What are the Attachments?
Lateral Humeral Epicondyle, Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Elbow, and Supinator Crest of the Ulna.
Proximal Radius
For the Supinator Muscle
What is the innervation?
Deep Radial Nerve
For the Supinator Muscle
What is the innervation?
Deep Radial Nerve
For the Extensor Indicis M.
What are the attachments?
Distal Ulna to the Extensor Hood
For the Extensor Indicis M.
What is the action?
Extension of the 2nd Digit (Index Finger)
For the Extensor Indicis M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
For Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
What are the attachements?
Ulna, Radius, Interosseous Membrane
Base of the 1st Digit’s Metacarpal
For Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the action?
Abduction of the Thumb and Wrist
For Abductor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
(This is an outcropping muscle, but they are innervated like the extensors)
For Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
What are the attachments?
What is interesting about the Tendon for this Muscle?
Ulna and Interosseous Membrane
Base of the Distal Phalanx of the thumb.
Extensor Pollicis Longus M. goes to the Distal Phalanx, Extensor Pollicis Brevis M. goes to the Proximal Phalanx
The Tendon wraps around the Dorsal Radial Tubercle and uses it as a pulley.
For Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the action?
Extension of the Thumb, Abduction of the Wrist
For Extensor Pollicis Longus M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
For Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
Radius and Interosseous Membrane
Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb
For Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the actions?
Extends the Thumb, Abducts the Wrist
For Extensor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Posterior Interosseous Nerve
What are the borders for the Anatomical Snuff Box?
Lateral: Extensor Pollicis Brevis Tendon (and Abductor Pollicis Longus, sort of)
Medial: Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon
The shorter Muscle has to be closer to the Thumb (lateral side)
For the Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
Carpals and Flexor Retinaculum
Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the 1st Digit
For the Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the action?
Abducts the Thumb
For the Abductor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Recurrant Branch of the Median Nerve
This is the A in “1/2 LOAF 1/2”
For the Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
What are the attachments?
Carpals and Transverse Carpal Ligament
For the Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the action?
Flexes the Metacarpal and the Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb
For the Flexor Pollicis Brevis M.
What is the innervation?
Superficial Head: Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve
Deep Head: Deep Ulnar Nerve
This is the “F 1/2” in “1/2 LOAF 1/2”
For Opponens Pollicis M.
What are the attachments?
Carpals and the Flexor Retinaculum
Metacarpal of the 1st Digit
For Opponens Pollicis M.
What is the action?
Opposition of the Thumb
For Opponens Pollicis M.
What is the innervation?
Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve
This is the O in 1/2 LOAF 1/2
For Adductor Pollicis M.
What are the attachments?
- Oblique Head
- Base of the Third Metacarpal to the Base of the Proximal Phalanx
- Transverse Head
- Body of the Third Metacarpal to the Base of the Proximal Phalanx
For Adductor Pollicis M.
What is the action?
Adduction of the Pollux
For Adductor Pollicis M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
A superficial injury to the Thenar Eminence can damage what nerve?
What does this impede?
Recurrant Branch of the Median Nerve
Many of the Thumb Muscles
For the Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
What are the attachments?
Pisiform Bone
Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the 5th Digit
For the Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Abduction of the 5th Digit
For the Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
For the Flexor Digiti Minimi M.
What are the attachments?
Hook of the Hamate and Flexor Retinaculum
Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the 5th Digit
For the Flexor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Flexes the 5th Digit
For the Flexor Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
For the Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
What is the attachment?
Hook of the Hamate and Flexor Retinaculum
Middle of the 5th Metacarpal
For the Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
What is the action?
Opposition of the 5th Digit
For the Opponens Digiti Minimi M.
What is the innervation
Deep Ulnar Nerve
For the Lumbrical Muscles
What are their attachments?
Originate at the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon
Insert at the Extensor Expansion
He made a big deal about these originating at a tendon in class
For the Lumbrical Muscles
What is their action?
Pinching with extended Interphalangial Joints, but flexed Metacarpophalangeal Joints

For the Lumbrical Muscles
What are their innervations?
1st and 2nd: Recurrant Branch of the Median Nerve
3rd and 4th: Deep Ulnar Nerve
This is the 1/2 L, in 1/2 LOAF 1/2
For the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
Where do the attach?
How many of these do we have?
Go between a given digit, and the digit closer to the middle finger.
Eg. 1st Digit to 2nd Digit, but 5th Digit to 4th Digit
Four. The 2nd and 4th have one. The 3rd Digit abducts both ways and has two.
The thumb and pinky have their own abductors
For the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
What is their action?
Abduction of the fingers, except 1st and 5th
DAB Dorsals ABduct
For the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
What is the innervation?
Deep Ulnar Nerve
For the Palmar Interosseous Muscles
What digits have these Muscles?
The First, Fourth, and Fifth Digits.
The Thumb has its own Adductors Pollicis, and the Third Digit doesn’t adduct, it can only abduct in either direction.