7. The Business of IT

Question 1

What are the five different domains that IT functions cover?

Answer 1

1. Communication
2. Data collection and management
3. Information security management
4. Consumer relationship management
5. Process improvement

Question 2

____ is the system of processes that ensures the effective and efficient use of IT to enable an organization to achieve its business goals and to add value to key stakeholders in an organization.

Answer 2

IT governance

Question 3

____ set up, maintain, and monitor the hardware and software that support the networking components of the computer systems.

Answer 3

Network administrators

Question 4

____ set up, maintain, and monitor devices that support business operations. These devices include anything from projectors and smartboards in a training room to the devices in the server room.

Answer 4

Systems administrators

Question 5

____ control the outward-facing content on an organization’s website and intranets and ensure that the sites function and integrate with back-end systems, such as supporting databases.

Answer 5

Web administrators

Question 6

____ configure and troubleshoot an organization’s data repositories.

Answer 6

Database administrators

Question 7

____ monitor the behaviors of the system components for anomalies and malicious attacks. They also put measures in place to deter, detect, and mitigate internal and external threats.

Answer 7

Cybersecurity analysts

Question 8

____ provide end-user training and help users resolve issues accessing resources and systems.

Answer 8

Technical support specialists

Question 9

____ uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from an external organization.

Answer 9

Outsourcing

Question 10

____ refers to outsourcing outside country lines.

Answer 10

Offshoring

Question 11

Project ____ refers to situations in which project management is handled by a third party.

Answer 11

outsourcing

Question 12

____ refers to offshoring to countries in a closer time zone or with an economic structure close to that of the home country.

Answer 12

Nearshoring

Question 13

____ assigns a project to employees within the organization. It generally requires the development of new operations and processes, making it an expensive option.

Answer 13

Insourcing

Question 14

What are the four phases of the project management lifecycle?

Answer 14

1. Initiation phase
2. Planning phase
3. Execution phase
4. Project closure

Question 15

The ____ phase of project management broadly defines the project. It usually begins with a business case, followed by a feasibility study. During the feasibility study, research assesses whether the business case will lead to a reasonable, feasible solution.

Answer 15

project initiation

Question 16

A ____, also known as a ____, outlines the business needs, the stakeholders, and the business case.

Answer 16

project charter, project initiation document

Question 17

The ____ stage of project management includes developing a road map that everyone follows.

Answer 17

project planning

Question 18

What does the SMART framework stand for?

Answer 18

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timely

Question 19

What does the CLEAR framework stand for?

Answer 19

Collaborative – The goal should encourage employees to work together.

Limited – The goal should be limited in scope and time to keep it manageable.

Emotional –The goal should tap into the passion of employees and be something they can form an emotional connection to. This can optimize the quality of work.

Appreciable – Break larger goals into smaller tasks that can be quickly achieved.

Refinable –As new situations arise, be flexible and refine the goal as needed.

Question 20

Project planning defines the project ____ and drafts a project ____.

Answer 20

scope, management plan

Question 21

A project generally has which five documents by the end of the planning phase?

Answer 21

1. Scope statement outlining the objectives, deliverables, and milestones
2. Work breakdown structure (WBS) breaking the project into manageable segments for the team
3. Milestones defining high-level goals to meet throughout the project’s duration
4. Communication plan outlining the frequency and methods of communicating with stakeholders
5. Risk management plan identifying foreseeable risks, including cost overruns and delays

Question 22

During the ____ phase of project management, project deliverables are developed and completed.

Answer 22

project execution

Question 23

At the ____ phase of project management, the project is declared complete and the project team is dissolved. Project managers complete the final project documentation, including financial reports. Generally, meetings are also a part of this phase, allowing members of the project team to reflect on strengths and opportunities for improvement.

Answer 23

project closure

Question 24

The three broad categories of risks a project may encounter are risks in ____, risks in ____, and risks of the ____.

Answer 24

execution, integration, unknown

Question 25

Two key strategies to successfully identify risks are frequent monitoring of project ____ and sound ____ between project participants.

Answer 25

parameters and milestones, communication

Question 26

This type of project risk involves uncontrolled change of a project’s goals, typically adding tasks and increased, unplanned costs to the project.

Answer 26

Scope creep

Question 27

When a project meets the requirements but delivers fewer benefits than outlined in this business case, this is known as a benefit ____.

Answer 27

shortfall

Question 28

This project risk involves the chance of a major negative event beyond human control, such as a natural disaster.

Answer 28

Force majeure risk

Question 29

What are the four phases of the system development lifecycle?

Answer 29

1. Requirements analysis 2. Design 3. Implementation 4. Testing

Question 30

What does CASE stand for in software development?

Answer 30

Computer-Aided Software Engineering

Question 31

What are examples of IDEs that help users develop smartphone applications?

Answer 31

Appery.io TheAppBuilder AppMachine

Question 32

What are three organizations that provide guidelines for developing integrated systems and establish standards for measuring the quality of system and software development?

Answer 32

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Question 33

What are the six phases of the software development lifecycle?

Answer 33

1. Planning 2. Design 3. Implementation 4. Testing 5. Deployment 6. Maintenance

Question 34

A ____ study determines whether development is possible under the given constraints and whether the development aligns with the organization’s mission.

Answer 34

feasibility

Question 35

What does COTS stand for (e.g., a COTS system)?

Answer 35

Commercial Off-The-Shelf

Question 36

The ____ is a written agreement between all parties that records the system requirements and guides system development.

Answer 36

System Requirement Specification (SRS)

Question 37

What are the four primary categories of software maintenance?

Answer 37

1. Corrective maintenance – removes errors to ensure functionality of the system. 2. Adaptive maintenance – performed when organizational changes affect system requirements, such as changes in the organizational procedures, forms, or system controls and security needs. 3. Perfective maintenance – performed when new components are introduced, or existing components are improved, to enhance overall system performance. 4. Preventive maintenance – refers to changes made to increase the life span of systems and could include restructuring, optimizing code, or updating documentation that impacts the scalability, stability, and maintainability of the system.

Question 38

The theory that 80% of errors come from 20% of the system—thus meaning that most errors can be identified by testing carefully selected groups of samples—is known as the ____ principle.

Answer 38

Pareto

Question 39

____ testing develops a set of test data that ensures each instruction in the software is executed at least once.

Answer 39

Basis path

Question 40

____ testing, commonly known as ____ testing, includes having developers test internal structures of software.

Answer 40

Glass-box, white-box

Question 41

____ testing does not rely on the tester's knowledge of the system's structure but is focused on the user experience (UX).

Answer 41

Black-box

Question 42

Black-box testing involves ____, ____, and ____ testing.

Answer 42

alpha, beta, user acceptance

Question 43

What are three types of system documentation?

Answer 43

1. User documentation – explains the system to users and may include information such as how to access certain features, frequently asked questions (FAQs), and contact information for customer support. 2. System documentation – describes the system's internal configuration so the system can be maintained later in its life cycle. A major part of software development system documentation is software code. The code needs to be versioned and presented in a readable format. 3. Technical documentation – describes how to install and maintain the system, including information about installing updates and providing feedback to the development team.

Question 44

The ____ model of system engineering follows the development process sequentially.

Answer 44

waterfall

Question 45

____ is building and evaluating basic versions of a proposed system.

Answer 45

Prototyping

Question 46

____ methods are system development methodologies that propose incremental implementations, respond to rapidly changing requirements, and reduce the emphasis on rigorous requirements. Scrum and extreme programming are both examples of agile methodologies.

Answer 46

Agile

Question 47

In the ____ model, systems are developed by a team of fewer than a dozen individuals working in a communal workspace, where they freely share ideas and assist each other in the development project.

Answer 47

extreme programming (XP)

Question 48

____ refers to the amount of time client data and resources are available on the servers.

Answer 48

Uptime Availability is often measured in the number of nines (including the whole number) found in a percentage. For example, if an organization is required to have 99.999% uptime, it is stated as "five nines."

Question 49

Data ____ is a strategy used for disaster recovery and business continuity. It involves setting up the operating system to simultaneously write copies of the data on several storage devices.

Answer 49

mirroring

Question 50

____ storage allows organizations the quickest access to restore critical data in the event of a disaster or catastrophe.

Answer 50

Hot Can be more expensive because of the high-performing resources and protocols involved.

Question 51

____ storage offers less frequent access and is maintained on minimal equipment that is considered lower performance. Returning to normal operations after a disaster is slower with cold storage.

Answer 51

Cold