6. Data

Question 1

____ is the act of analyzing and converting data into information that can be used in decision-making.

Answer 1

Database research

Question 2

A typical database application has two major layers: a(n) ____ layer and a(n) ____ layer.

Answer 2

application, database management

Question 3

After the application software receives a request from a user, it uses the ____ as a tool to obtain the results.

Answer 3

database management system (DBMS)

Question 4

A database ____, also known as a ____, is composed of records and fields that hold data.

Answer 4

table, datasheet

Question 5

A database ____ contains a single piece of data about the subject of a record.

Answer 5

field

Question 6

A database ____ is represented as rows in a table with related information.

Answer 6

record

Question 7

A(n) ____ is a thousand gigabytes (GB). A(n) ____ is a thousand of these. A(n) ____is one thousand of these. And a(n) ____ is one thousand of these.

Answer 7

terabyte (TB), petabyte (PB), exabyte (EB), zettabyte (ZB)

Question 8

A(n) ____ database stores data in a plain text file. Each line of the text holds one record. Fields are separated by delimiters like spaces or commas. Because this kind of database uses a simple structure, it cannot contain multiple tables.

Answer 8

flat-file

Question 9

The ____ database is one of the oldest database models. Data is organized in a tree structure, much like an organizational chart.

Answer 9

hierarchical

Question 10

In a hierarchical database, there is one parent for each record, with optional nodes, forming sub-trees called ____.

Answer 10

segments

Question 11

____ databases contain database tables that can be joined together in logical ways. Each record has a unique identifier called a primary key.

Answer 11

Relational

Question 12

In a relational database, a field may be marked as the primary key on one table but also be found on another table. When this happens, a relationship called a ____ key is created.

Answer 12

foreign

Question 13

Another word for requests sent to a database is ____.

Answer 13

queries

Question 14

____ is the code used to retrieve information from a relational database.

Answer 14

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Question 15

The ____ operation takes rows from one table and creates a new table.

Answer 15

selection

Question 16

The ____ statement identifies the records that are being requested, and the ____ means everything from that table. The parameter ____ identifies the table name, and ____ identifies the condition the query is requesting.

Answer 16

SELECT, asterisk (*), FROM, WHERE

Question 17

The ____ operation combines distinct fields from multiple tables that have the same set of attributes and data types.

Answer 17

union (keyword: UNION)

Example:
SELECT PatientID, LastName FROM Patient
UNION
SELECT NurseID, LastName FROM Nurse;

The union operation eliminates duplicate fields. The fields in the resulting table are all distinct.

Question 18

The ____ operation creates a result table that includes all of the attributes from the two tables; each row of the second table is added to each row of the first table.

Answer 18

product (keyword: CROSS JOIN)

Example:
SELECT Shifts.WingSegment, Shifts.Shift, NurseName.LastName

FROM Shifts

CROSS JOIN NurseName

Question 19

When you are using more than one table as a source the table name ____ the attribute name, separated by a ____.

Answer 19

precedes, period

Question 20

A ____ operation combines two tables, but records are only appended when a matching criterion is met. The result table includes a row with the attributes of both tables only when attributes from the first database table match related attributes from the second database table.

Answer 20

join

Question 21

The following query represents a(n) ____ join:

SELECT*
FROM Patient, Nurse;

And the following query represents a(n) ____ join:

SELECT*
FROM Patient CROSS JOIN Nurse;

Answer 21

implicit, explicit

Question 22

In contrast to relational databases, ____ databases store complex data and relationships between data directly without using inter-table relations.

Answer 22

object-oriented (also referred to as object databases)

Question 23

An object database is a collection of objects, each with two components: ____ and ____ (which are software programs called ____).

Answer 23

data, instructions, methods

Methods define what to do with the data in the object.

Question 24

Key-value databases are also known as ____.

Answer 24

stores

Question 25

____ stores are used to store information about networks of data, such as social connections.

Answer 25

Graph

Question 26

____ stores are optimized for queries on large data sets and store columns of data together, instead of in rows.

Answer 26

Wide-column

Question 27

____ databases pair each key with a complex data structure known as a(n) ____. This complex data structure can contain many different key-value pairs.

Answer 27

Document-format, documents

Question 28

____ databases can accommodate a wide variety of data models, including key-value, document, columnar, and graph formats.

Answer 28

NoSQL (not only SQL)

Question 29

NoSQL databases are especially useful for working with what kind of data?

Answer 29

Large sets of distributed data.

Question 30

A ____ is a system of data stored in raw format. It is usually a single store of all enterprise data as well as information derived from data during reporting, transactions, or other activities. These systems can include both structured data, such as tables, and unstructured data, such as audio and video recordings.

Answer 30

data lake

Question 31

A ____ database consists of data residing on different machines. For instance, an international corporation might store and maintain local employer records at local sites, yet link those records via a network to create a single database

Answer 31

distributed

Question 32

____ is the ability to accommodate increased demands while using existing resources (e.g., increasing memory capacity before being fully exhausted)

Answer 32

Scalability