5. Computer Software

Question 1

____ software consists of the programs that perform tasks specific to the machine’s general purpose.

Answer 1

Application

Question 2

____ software performs tasks that are common to computer systems in general.

Answer 2

System

Question 3

System software can be divided into ____ and ____.

Answer 3

utility software, operating systems

Question 4

An ____ is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. It performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers

Answer 4

Operating System (OS)

Question 5

What are the four main categories of OS?

Answer 5

1. Network operating systems
2. Server operating systems
3. Mobile operating systems
4. Personal computer operating systems

Question 6

____ is a closed-source OS and maintains the largest market share for server and personal computer operating systems.

Answer 6

Windows

Question 7

____ is a closed-source OS and is designed to only run on Apple hardware. It is known for its media editing and graphic rendering capabilities and it’s ability to integrate with other Apple products.

Answer 7

MacOS

Question 8

____ is open-source OS software. Many distributions of this OS are designed for servers.

Answer 8

Linux

Question 9

The different versions or distributions of Linux are known as ____.

Answer 9

flavors (e.g., Linux Mint, Mandrake, Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and CentOS)

Question 10

____ is an open-source mobile OS which allows original equipment manufacturers (OEM) to customize the source code to fit their devices. Currently has the largest user base.

Answer 10

Google Android

Question 11

What are three examples of utility software?

Answer 11

Software that can:

1. Compress or decompress data
2. Play multimedia presentations
3. Handle network communications

Question 12

The ____ is the internal part of the OS. It contains the OS components that perform the basic functions required by the computer installation.

Answer 12

kernel

Question 13

What is an example of an OS kernel component?

Answer 13

The file manager, which maintains records of all the files stored in secondary storage, including where each file is stored, which users have access, and which portions of the storage are available for new files.

Question 14

Operating systems contain the ____ and the ____ of the operating system

Answer 14

user interface, kernel

Question 15

____ is the mobile OS developed by Apple for use on proprietary Apple hardware.

Answer 15

Apple iOS

Question 16

What are two different types of user interface?

Answer 16

1. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
2. Command Line Interface (CLI)

Question 17

____ are able to bundle files into directories or folders.

Answer 17

File managers

Question 18

The ____ tells a user where the file is located within the file system.

Answer 18

directory path

Question 19

In a Windows shell, a(n) ___ is used to express directory paths.

Answer 19

backward slash (“\”)

Question 20

Which OS, Windows or Linux, is case-sensitive when searching for files?

Answer 20

Linux

Question 21

In a Windows shell, the root directory is referred to by a(n) ____, commonly called the ____ drive.

Answer 21

letter, C

Question 22

In a Windows shell, the user’s home directory is found within ____.

Answer 22

C:\Users

Question 23

In a Linux shell, a(n) ____ is used to express directory paths.

Answer 23

forward slash (/)

Question 24

The root directory in Linux is expressed as a(n) ____.

Answer 24

single forward slash

Question 25

Most flavors of Linux place the home directory at ____.

Answer 25

/home/

Question 26

A component of the kernel, the ____ finds and assigns the main memory space for each of the processes and restrict the actions of each process to the memory space allocated to that program.

Answer 26

memory manager

Question 27

When more main memory space is needed, the memory manager can create an illusion of additional space by rotating programs and data between the primary and secondary memory, a technique called ____. The additional memory space created in secondary memory by paging is referred to as ____.

Answer 27

paging, virtual memory

Question 28

These are stored in the kernel of an OS and are software that communicates with controllers or other peripheral devices.

Answer 28

Device drivers

Question 29

Device drivers are sometimes referred to as ____. They facilitate the communication between hardware and software.

Answer 29

middleware

Question 30

Software that people use to complete daily tasks is called ____ software.

Answer 30

productivity (e.g., writing documents, managing personal info, giving presentations, storing data)

Question 31

____ software helps people communicate and work with one another and helps computers share information.

Answer 31

Collaboration

Question 32

____ software performs tasks for particular purposes.

Answer 32

Specialized

Question 33

What are the three classifications of application software, based on how customizable it is?

Answer 33

1. Bespoke 2. Off-the-shelf 3. Hybrid

Question 34

____ applications are application software stored on individual computers. ____ applications are software units where cloud-based and local components work together to perform tasks.

Answer 34

Local, Cloud

Question 35

____ is an application that can be installed as a trial limited by time and/or functionality. If the user decides to purchase the application or subscription, they then get the full functionality.

Answer 35

Shareware

Question 36

____ is software that does not need to be purchased.

Answer 36

Freeware

Question 37

Freeware and shareware are both protected by ____and ____.

Answer 37

end user license agreements (EULA), copyright laws (where applicable)

Question 38

____ software has no EULA and no intellectual property protections and is available for anyone to download and use at their own discretion.

Answer 38

Public domain

Question 39

In the United States, a copyright gives the author of a software package the ability to prevent unauthorized duplication for at least ____ years.

Answer 39

35

Question 40

Generally, ____ protects the expression of a specific idea and original works of authorship. ____ in software packaging, on the other hand, primarily protect unique methods, algorithms, or processes embedded within software applications.

Answer 40

copyright, patents

Question 41

What are the two types of hardware patents?

Answer 41

1. Utility patents 2. Design patents

Question 42

The high-level language that computer programs are written in is also known as ____ code.

Answer 42

source

Question 43

Binary code is also referred to as ____ code or ____ language.

Answer 43

machine

Question 44

What are the two main translation solutions computer scientists have come up with to translate source code to machine code?

Answer 44

Compilers and interpreters

Question 45

A ____ checks source code for errors before translating. If the source code is found to have errors, it specifies the errors.

Answer 45

compiler

Question 46

What are six high-level languages that use a compiler?

Answer 46

Java, C, C++, C#, Go/GoLang, Visual Basic .Net

Question 47

____ translate and execute source code into machine language one line at a time. If it finds an error, the process is terminated at the statement containing the error and displays an error message.

Answer 47

Interpreters

Question 48

What are four examples of interpreted languages?

Answer 48

Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, TCL

Question 49

A(n) ____ is a set of well-organized, computer-implemented instructions that often result in a computation or the solution to a problem.

Answer 49

algorithm