7 Respiratory System

Question 1

Describe the following types of respiration:

1. pulmonary
2. tissue
3. cellular

Answer 1

• Pulmonary respiration: Exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane
• Tissue respiration: Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells
• Cellular respiration: the metabolic reactions that consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide in the production of ATP

Question 2

What structural divisions are considered upper respiratory system? Lower respiratory system?

Answer 2

• Upper: nose, pharynx
• Laura: larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 3

What are the structures and functions of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

• Structures: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
• Function: two filter, warm, and moisten the air and conduct it into the lungs
• Function: to receive olfactory stimuli
• Function: sound generation for speech

Question 4

What are the structures and functions of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

• Structures: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
• Function: gas exchange

Question 5

This is an in internal ridge for the trachea divides – it is one of the most sensitive areas of the trachea and the larynx for triggering a cough reflex

Answer 5

carina

Question 6

What’s the landmark for where the right and left primary bronchi?

Answer 6

5th thoracic vertebra

Question 7

What’s the mediastinum and where is it located?

Answer 7

The region in the thoracic cavity between the lungs – it extends from the sternum to the vertebrae and from the 1st rib to the clavicle

Question 8

Within the lungs, each bronchus of divide and smaller and smaller units. These are:

Answer 8

Secondary bronchi (3 on right, 2 on left), tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 9

This is a cup shaped outpouching lined with simple squamous epithelium supported by a thin elastic basement membrane

Answer 9

Alveoli

Question 10

What’s an alveolar sac?

Answer 10

2 or more alveoli that share common opening

Question 11

Describe the pleural membrane

Answer 11

• Each lung is in closed in, and protected by a double layered serous membrane called the plural membrane
• Visceral pleura: The layer of the pleural membrane that covers the lungs
• Parietal pleura: The layer of the plural membrane that covers the inside of the thoracic cavity
• Plural cavity: the space between the visceral and parietal pleura which contains lubricating fluid

Question 12

What is forced vital capacity (FVC)?

Answer 12

The largest volume of air that can be brought into the lungs

Question 13

What’s forced expiratory volume (FEV₁)?

Answer 13

the volume of air that can be exhaled in 1 second (after maximal inhalation)

Question 14

What’s tidal volume (V₁)?

Answer 14

the volume of air in one regular breath