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Bio 202 Exam > 7 - Reptiles > Flashcards

7 - Reptiles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

First amniotes maybe

A

Westlothiana (350mya), hard to tell because eggs fossilize badly

ancestors to reptiles

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2
Q

First reptile

A

Hylonomus 35my after westlothiana

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3
Q

Amniota

A

monophyletic lineage. reptiles birds and mammals

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4
Q

Extraembryonic membranes

A

protect embryo from desiccation
cushion embryo
promote gas transfer
store waste

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5
Q

Amniotic eggs of reptiles and birds

A

shells to protect embryo
albumen to cushion and provide moisture/nutrients to embryo
yolk supplies food to embryo

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6
Q

Reptile egg shell

A

leathery

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7
Q

Terrestrial adaptations other than amniotic eggs

A

impervious skin
horny nails
water conserving kidneys (Key, more efficient)
Enlarged lungs

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8
Q

mammals

A

most closely related to ancestral amniotes. branched off before lizards

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9
Q

reptiles and birds

A

reptilian lineage includes birds, dinos and other reptiles. Used to be considered further apart but now we know they are closely related. now avian and non-avian reptiles

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10
Q

mammal skulls

A

synapsida

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11
Q

all living reptile skulls

A

diapsida

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12
Q

Synapsid skull*

A
  • mammals

- single temporal opening (fenestra) for jaw muscle attachment

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13
Q

Turtle skulls

A

diapsid + secondary loss of holes so looks like anapsid

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14
Q

Extinct taxa skulls

A

anapsid

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15
Q

anapsid skull

A

0 fenestra

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16
Q

Diapsid skull

A
  • most reptiles and birds

- 2 temporal openings where jaw muscles attach to skull

17
Q

Order testinudes

A

turtles

18
Q

Order testinudes characteristics

A 
bony shell (carapace - dorsal, plastron - ventral)
limbs articulate internally to ribs
keratinized beak instead of teeth
19
Q

Turtle shell dorsal part

A

carapace

20
Q

Turtle shell ventral part

A

plastron

21
Q

Turtle reproduction

A

oviparous

22
Q

Life history testinudes

A
  • long life spans
  • most mature after 7 years and live 14 or more after
  • galapagos tortoises may live 100+ years
  • no parental care of eggs so susceptible to predation
  • very susceptible to extinction
23
Q

What makes turtles vulnerable to extinctioni

A
  • mature late and long lived
  • large ocean ranges (can run into obstacles)
  • nests on land (predation)
  • used for food and medicine (eggs and adults) so killed by humans
24
Q

Order crocodylia animals

A
  • crocodiles
  • alligators
  • caimans
  • gavials
25
Q

Skull characteristics of crocodylia

A
  • openings in front of eyes
  • triangular eye orbits
  • laterally compressed teeth
  • secondary palate
26
Q

Secondary palate

A

separates nasal and mouth passageways

allows breathing while eating or opening mouths underwater

27
Q

Crocodilian reproduction

A

oviparous with parental care of hatchlings

28
Q

Order sphenodontida

A

tuataras (almost extinct)

29
Q

Order sphenodontida features

A
  • akinetic jaw (lower attached to upper so strong bite)
  • 2 rows of teeth on upper jaw
  • single row of teeth on lower jaw
  • oviparous
  • new zealand
  • first after mammalia
30
Q

Order squamata

A

lizards and snakes

31
Q

Order squamata skull

A

Kinetic skull:

  • moveable quadrate bones and other skull modification
  • increases skull flexibility
32
Q

Order squamata 2 suborders

A

sauria - lizards

serpentes - snakes

33
Q

Suborder sauria characteristics

A
  • 2 pairs of legs usually
  • upper and lower jaws unite anteriorly
  • oviparous, ovoviviparous or viviparous
  • includes legless amphisbaenia
34
Q

Amphisbaenia

A

Legless squamates. Look like worms, some still have front legs

35
Q

Reptiles most likely locations

A

warmer climates

36
Q

Suborder serpentes characteristics

A
  • legless
  • skull adaptations for swallowing large prey
  • mostly oviparous, some give birth to live young
37
Q

Giant Galapagos tortoises

A
  • used as food source on ships and rats got on island and ate eggs
  • almost extinct
  • Kept susceptible young in a conservation center and then let them go to save them
38
Q

Galapagos iguanas

A

terrestrial but eat food from ocean so hunt in ocean then return to land

Bio 202 Exam (12 decks)

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