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Bio 202 Exam > 3 - Fishes 2 > Flashcards

3 - Fishes 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bony fish

A

some bone in skeleton or scales
bony operculum covering gill openings
lungs or swimbladder
very successful group (50% of vertebrates and 95% of fish)

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2
Q

1st fossils of bony fish

A

405 mya, silurian period

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3
Q

Radiation of both classes

A

Devonian period 350 mya

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4
Q

Class sarcopterygii

A
  • led to tetrapods
  • lobe-finned fishes
  • lungfish
  • coelacanths
  • tetrapodomorpha
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5
Q

tetrapodomorpha

A

extinct ancestors of tetrapods

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6
Q

Lungfish

A

some burrow in mud when rivers or lakes dry up
keep narrow pathway open for air
aestivation = up to 6 months

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7
Q

coelacanth

A

most recent fossils 70mya

thought to be extinct till 1938

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8
Q

class actinopterygii

A

large group
ray finned fishes, lack muscular lobes
Have swim-bladders

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9
Q

Chondrosteans

A

“ray-finned”
Ancient members had bony skeletons
Living members have cartilaginous skeletons

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10
Q

Lake sturgeon

A

used to be lots but harvested and dams messed u their habitat and separated them from mating areas
rebound due to us cleaning lakes and stopping fishing them
takes a long time to recover since they don’t mate often

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11
Q

Neopterygii

A

largest group of ray finned fishes

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12
Q

Neopterygii 2 genera

A

Amia (bowfin)

Lepisosteus (garpike)

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13
Q

Amia

A

gulp air for oxygen

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14
Q

lepisosteus

A

air breathing

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15
Q

Modern bony fish

A

Teleosts

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16
Q

parental care in small mouth bass and fishing

A

need to stage before spawning and their bowl nests are easy to see. they’re also very aggressive, making them easy to fish. reproduction takes a long time

17
Q

Very poisonous fish

A

Pufferfish

18
Q

Problems with movement in water

A

Denser than air, but less gravity

19
Q

Fish design due to moving in water

A
  • Streamlined
  • Mucoid secretions
  • Arrangement of body-wall muscles
  • fin shape
20
Q

Feeding strategies

A

Herbivores, omnivores, some filter feeders

21
Q

Most teleosts feed how?

A

Predators/carnivores that swallow food whole

22
Q

Circulation in regular fish

A
  • Closed system
  • 4 part heart
  • single circuit
  • high metabolic rate
23
Q

Lungfish circulation

A

partially divided by septum
pulmonary and systemic circuits
was precursor to 4 chambered heart

24
Q

Gas exchange

A
  • tidal ventilation (like us) is not energetically efficient in water cause of density
  • Water moves in 1 direction over gills
  • Countercurrent exchange mechanism maximizes gas transfer (blood and water in opposite directions) in pharyngeal lamellae
25
Q

Tuna and other fish gas exchange

A

No blub blub, swim with with mouths open, continuously move water across gills
Ram ventilation

26
Q

Swim bladders

A

Pneumatic sacs connect to digestive tract in nonteleost fish
Function as lungs in lungfish
Function as swimbladders in other bony fish
Adjusts buoyancy

27
Q

Buoyancy

A
  • low density compounds
  • fins provide vertical lift
  • reduction of heavy tissues like bone
  • swim bladders (except sharks which use lipids)
28
Q

Vision

A

Lidless eyes

Predatory teleosts rely heavily on vision to find food (big part of brain)

29
Q

Smell

A

External nares lead to field receptors in olfactory sacs

Olfactory epilthelium

30
Q

Catfish tasting

A

chemoreceptors all over body so very good at tasting

31
Q

Salmon and olfaction

A

use it for their last part of their migration. also have magnetite to help with the “compass” part of their migration

32
Q

Olfaction and pollution

A

mess up smells and so can ruin migrations for migratory species

33
Q

Taste in fish

A

chemoreceptors for taste in mouth and also on head and body

34
Q

Hearing

A
  • no external ears (ear bones inside, sound travels through tissue of skull)
  • hear really well
  • sound travels better in water than air
35
Q

Hearing and sound pollution

A

Water bodies that are too loud due to boats and things can confuse fish

36
Q

Lateral line system

A
  • receptors that detect water currents (water movements caused by predators or prey)
  • canals with sensory hairs
  • warning system
37
Q

Electroreception

A

sense and stun prey and objects around them

38
Q

Electric eels

A

can deliver an electric charge of up to 500 volts, to stun prey or deter predators

Bio 202 Exam (12 decks)

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