7 | Perception for language Flashcards
What is hemispherical specialisation?
the left brain is usually more adept at recognizing language, this is linked to right ear advantage. Tested in dichotic listening experiments, which used competing sequences of words presented through headphones.
What are diphones?
A sequence of two sounds, capturing the important transitions from one sound to the next. Used to create more natural sounding speech synthesis.
What is variability?
The details of any given input may vary. Example, writing styles. This is also featured in speech.
What are exemplars?
Multiple stored representations, to account for variability.
How do we separate words and non-word sounds?
We “stream” language and non-language signals in different streams
Proved by the phoneme restoration effect, in which a phoneme is replaced by a non-language sound, like a cough, and we are likely to report the word as intact.
What is the mcGurk effect?
The visual cues impacts the audio we hear. “Ba ba”, “fa fa”
What is cue trading?
If one cue is unclear, such as the plosive part of “p”, then the listener assigns greater value to other clues, such as the relative duration of the preceding vowel
What is signal continuity?
We are better at following a signal from one continous source rather than from different sources. Lies behind the “Cocktail party effect” in which we are able to follow one conversation in a room full of conversations.
What is the word superiority effect?
Letters are recognized more rapidly in real words than in non-words, or in jumbled letter strings.
What is categorial perception?
We will place sounds heard in categories X and Y rather than X-ish or Y-ish.
What is the ganong effect?
We are more likely to insert a sound which makes sense rather than a sound that does not. /?esk/ will more often be connected to /desk/ rather than /tesk/
