4 | Building words Flashcards
What is morphology?
The morphology of a word is its structure defined in terms of the meaningful parts that constitute it - these include the stem or the base of the word and its various possible affixes.
What is a morpheme?
The morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning, and can be free standing like the word cat, or bound to other morphemes
What is an allomorph?
An allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme, that is, when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning
What do we know about the desired word in a tip-of-the-tongue scenario?
Can often put together parts of the desired word, but not the whole
We know how many syllables and the grammatical gender of the word as well
What is inflectional morphology?
Constructs only a new specification of the word instead of an entirely new word. Concerns affixes.
What is a stranding error?
Stranding errors is when a word ending is included when it shouldn’t be
Shows that the word stem and the word ending is separated at some point
What is derivational morphology?
Derivational morphology involves the construction of new words from base forms
In english, derivations can include both prefixes and suffixes
Stores cat as a word and cats as a different grammatical category, not a different word
What are productive affixes?
Production affixes are the affixes that are most likely to be used on novel words or when a new word is coined in the language and inflected or derived forms are based on this
-er or -ed for example
What is a lexical stress error?
Lexical stress errors are errors where the correct word has been produced, but with the wrong stress pattern
What is the metrical structure?
The metric structure includes the stress patterns of words and utterances. Syllable structure is concerned with how the segments making up a word or utterance are hierarchically organised into syllables
What is syllable structure?
Consists of splitting sentences into this type of structure:
Syllable
Onset
Rhyme
Peak
Coda
Speech errors:
Peaks exchange with other peaks
Coda consonants swap with other coda consonants
Onset consonants exchange with other onset consonants (Spoonerism)
What is a phonetic similiarity error?
Third constraint is there is a strong tendency for the sounds involved in the sound error to be phonetically similar and come from phonetically similar contexts
What is the real word bias?
We tend to make more real world errors than non-word errors, that might be cause we miss perceive the non-word as a real word since it does not make sense
