2 | Planning uterances Flashcards
What is the conceptualisation stage?
We use what we know about the world in order to sort out ideas. We then need to put together the elements of language that will express this idea.
Generating the ideas of the message.
What is the formulation stage?
Producing structured language.
Grammar and vocabulary.
What is the articulation stage?
Producing speech sounds
What is a pre-verbal message?
A message that only consist of ideas in the conceptualisation stage and has not yet gotten a spoken or written form.
What is a articulatory pause?
It is a pause caused by the formation of a sound and the pause that follows it because of the articulation of a phoneme.
What is a delimitative pause?
Can occur at places where a written text might have punctuation.
What is a physiological pause?
Physiological pauses are pauses that help the speaker regulate his breath, mostly disregarded in psycholinguistics.
What is macro-planning?
Deciding how to achieve an intended communicative goal using relevant speech acts
What is a speech act?
A speech act is the performance of some action through saying something, such as asking for information or making a promise.
What is linearisation?
Linearisation is the process of choosing in which order information should be expressed
What is micro-planning?
Detailed planning of each individual speech act.
Determining the perspective and information structure that is most appropriate for a given speech act, and what should be highlighted as new or topical information.
What is grammatical encoding?
Where the speaker uses their knowledge of grammar to create sentence structure that will convey a message.
What is phonological encoding?
Allows us to construct the appropriate sequences of sound to express the message.
What is a lemma?
A lemma is the semantic part of a word.
What is a lexeme?
A lexeme is the spoken or written shape of the word.
What is functional processing?
The aim of functional processing is to give the appropriate jobs to words that will express the speaker’s intended meaning.
Includes lexical selection and function assignment, choose the words and give them a function.
What is positional processing?
The selected set of lemmas are organised into an ordered string.
What are content words?
Words with meaning.
What is a phonetic plan?
What drives the articulators.
What is the deep structure of a sentence?
The meaning of the sentences.
What is the surface structure of a sentence?
What we can see and hear.
One deep structure might have two possible variants of surface structure. Passive or active variants.
What does the derivational theory of complexity show?
That passive sentences are more complicated to produce than active ones.
What is global ambiguity?
Global ambiguity is when there is nothing in the sentence that can solve the ambiguity.
What is local ambiguity?
Local ambiguity is when a ambiguity can be solved by looking at another part of the sentence.
