12 | Making connections Flashcards
What is a mental model?
Mental model - Refers to the conceptual notions that speakers or writers want to convey, or to the abstract representation of what a reader or listener understands. This involves more than just words and language, as they are also determined by the experience of each individual
What is an inference?
The ability to understand more than the surface meaning of sentences
What is coherence?
The way which sentences or phrases belong together in terms of their meaning
Consistency between the events or states in series of sentences
What is cohesion?
The way which sentences or phrases belong together in terms of grammatical devices used to make the links between them
Making the appropriate links between the words and phases in a text
Studied in anaphora - Word or phrase that makes a reference to material that has appeared earlier in the text(This earlier material is the antecedent).
What is bridging inference?
Connection made by the reader or listener between an anaphor and a non-explicit antecedent
What is new information?
information which have just been introduced into the disclosure for the first time
What is given information?
Information which have already been established as background information
How are new- and given information accented?
Words that are spoken strongly, with some degree of stress
New info - often accented
Old info - often unaccented
What is the active-filler hypothesis?
The process of linking a filler to a gap must be carried out as rapidly as possible
What is a pseudogap?
A location where a filler could be attached, but which is in fact not an appropriate point of attachment
What is the gap as first resort strategy?
Postulate the gap at the earliest possible position
Example:
Who did Tom ask Meg to persuade Jill to inform Ted that Bob has spoken to __ ?
What is the gap as last resort strategy?
Delay postulating the gap as long as possible
Example:
Who did John kill __ for the sake of __?
Who did John die for the sake of __?
What is gap based on lexical expectations?
Postulate the gap depending on lexical preferences
Example:
Which book did the teacher read __ to children?
Which student did the teacher walk __ to the cafeteria?
Which student did the teacher walk to the cafeteria with __ ?
What is the most recent filler hypothesis?
When there are two gaps, the processor should assign the most recent of two possible fillers to the first gap, and the more distant to the second
Example:
Who did you want __ to make a potholder for __?
Does not always hold…
