7. Participant/Community Engagement in Data Collection

Question 1

Approach most often used to fully involve constituents in community assessments.

Answer 1

participatory action research (PAR)

Question 2

Participatory Action Research:
The basic assumption of the method is that a professional/expert will work with a community group to identify an issue that affects members of the group, conduct an “?” of the issue using a variety of formal and informal “?” strategies, set a “?” for community change that is derived from the research, then engage in “?” to achieve “?”.

Answer 2

assessment
research
goal
social action
goal

Question 3

Participatory Action Research:
In addition to citizen involvement, this approach is intended to explicitly facilitate the use of “?” to advocate for changes in programs, procedures, policy and legislation that will “?” the community.

Answer 3

Data

improve

Question 4

Participatory Action Research:

Outcomes focus on both the “?” participatns and “?”.

Answer 4

individual

society

Question 5

Participatory Action Research: is a classified as a type of “?” research study.

Answer 5

qualitative

Question 6

Participatory Action Research:
The “?” distance between the research and participants is minimized.
The research expert and community members have “?” and benefit equally from “?”.
“?” knowledge is valued as much as “?” knowledge.

Answer 6

social
equal status
participation

informal, formal

Question 7

Participatory Action Research: differs from other types of research in that “?” decisions are made collectively using a “?” process.

Answer 7

methodological

group

Question 8

Participatory Action Research: requires excellent use of “?2” skills on the part of the facilitator to arrive at a consensus about “2?”.

Answer 8

interpersonal, group work

research goals, methodology

Question 9

Participatory Action Research: ongoing “2?” is the primary vehicle through which decisions are made.

Answer 9

dialogue and discussion

Question 10

Participatory Action Research: The primary goal of participatory research are to create at atmosphere characterized by”?”, “?” among participants, and a sense of “?” of the process by community members.

Answer 10

trust
equality
ownership

Question 11

Participatory Action Research Data Collection:
Asset Mapping: requires that participants map or take an inventory of all the “3?” available for use in making improvements in “?” communities.

Answer 11

assets, resources, and skills

geographic

Question 12

Participatory Action Research Data Collection:
Asset Mapping: “Mapping” refers to the creation of a conceptual “?2” that identifies broad categories of assets within and outside the community.

Answer 12

model or picture

Question 13

Participatory Action Research Data Collection:

Asset Mapping: examples of assets in this mapping (5”

Answer 13

businesses
public institutions
individual skills
sources of income
organizations

Question 14

Participatory Action Research Data Collection:
Asset Mapping: Three primary components of asset maps.
1. Primary assets are controlled by “?” such as personal income, individual skills, businesses, media, etc.

Answer 14

community members

Question 15

Participatory Action Research Data Collection:
Asset Mapping: Three primary components of asset maps.
2. Secondary assets are controlled by people/institutions that are not “ ????” such as churches, hospitals, schools, social service agencies, Police/Fire.

Answer 15

located in the community

Question 16

Participatory Action Research Data Collection:
Asset Mapping: Three primary components of asset maps.
3. The third-level assets are controlled by forces “?” such as public information (e.g. social indicators and data that can be used to generate public support)

Answer 16

outside the community-

Question 17

Photovoice is a type of participatory action research that involves community members in documenting issues and community strengths using “?2”

Answer 17

photography and digital technology (video/films)

Question 18

Photovoice: it builds on the concept on “?” in that participants are given access to cameras and encouraged to take pictures of their community that have “?” about their lives and perceptions.

Answer 18

story-telling

significance

Question 19

Photovoice typically relies on a standardized set of questions posed by a facilitator:

1. What do you “?” here?
2. What is really “?” here?
3. How does this relate to “?”
4. Why does this “?3” exist?
5. What can we “???”

Answer 19

see
happening
our lives
problem, concern, or strength
do about it?

Question 20

Photovoice: disadvantages.

There is a great deal of variation in the actual “?” used and the degree of “?” in Photovoice projects.

Answer 20

methods

constituent participation

Question 21

Surveys: concerns:

Survey may incorporate “?” language that is not familiar to community residents.

Answer 21

technical

Question 22

Surveys: concerns:
it may allow the researcher to “?” responses to individual questions or reach conclusions that do not adequately reflect what community members “?2”

Answer 22

pre-determine

think or feel

Question 23

Geographic Mapping:

1. They identify “?” in the community.

Answer 23

geographic patterns

Question 24

Geographic Mapping:

2. They provide a “?” way to communicate geographic patterns to others.

Answer 24

visual

Question 25

Geographic Mapping:

3. They can be used to “?” about the community.

Answer 25

tell a story

Question 26

Geographic Mapping:

4. They facilitate decisions about organizing “4”?

Answer 26

initiatives, programs, policies, and legislation

Question 27

Geographic Mapping:
The various maps produced allow for examination of how people experience community “?” and what they identify as “3?” inherent in the community.

Answer 27

conditions

strengths, assets, deficits

Question 28

Social network analysis:
Two primary approaches to conducting social network analysis.
1. Conduct research to identify “?” and strength of informal networks that provide information, social support, and assistance to friends, relatives, and neighbors.

Answer 28

informal community leaders

Question 29

Social network analysis:
Two primary approaches to conducting social network analysis.
2. To identify formal connections between individual “?” and organizations or among influential/powerful organizations.

Answer 29

decision-makers