Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sinclair Paramedic 2150 > 7- OB > Flashcards

7- OB Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards NREMT® Paramedic flashcards
1
Q

What does FDLMP mean

A

First day of last menstrual period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does GTPALM stand for

A 
Gravies- # of pregnancies
Term- # of term births (>37 weeks)
Premature- # of births <38 weeks
Abortion- Pregnancies before 20 weeks
Living children- # of kids still alive
Multiple pregnancies- # of times with multiple births
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal gestational period

A

40 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is considered premature gestation

A

Less than 38 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 important questions for a pregnant patient assessment

A
  • Due date
  • Urge to push
  • Contraction length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does spotty, painless vaginal bleeding occur from egg implantation to the endometrium

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is triggered to happen due to egg implantation in endometrium

A
  • Development of placental tissue
  • Release of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  • Corpus luteum is signaled that pregnancy has begun
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the corpus luteum for pregnancy

A

Produces hormones to support pregnancy until placenta sufficiently develops to assume this function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does placenta do at the beginning of pregnancy

A

Produces projections to tap into the external layer of the blastocysts where spaces called lacunae form, and are filled with maternal blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when an egg becomes an embryo

A

Begins the process of forming specialized body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what week does the heart start in an embryo

A

Around the end of week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At week 4 the placenta begins to develop and serves what key roles

A
  • Respiratory gas exchange
  • Transport nutrients
  • Transfer heat from woman to fetus
  • Hormone production
  • Form barrier against harmful substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the umbilical cord

A

Connects the placenta to the fetus via the fetal umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the umbilical vein and umbilical artery do

A

Umbilical vein- Oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

Umbilical artery- Ateriovenous blood to the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role of the ductus veinous

A

Connects the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Role of the ductus arterious

A

Connects the pulmonary artery and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the foramen ovale

A

An opening in the atrial septum of the fetal heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the amniotic sac

A

A membrane bag that encloses the fetus in a watery fluid of amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of amniotic fluid and the typical amount

A

Provide fetus with a weightless environment to develop

Typically 500-1000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can abnormal uterine size at length of time indicate

A
  • Uterine growth problems
  • Breech position
  • Possibility of twins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What changes are there to a woman in pregnancy (6)

A
  • Possible constipation
  • Decreased GI motility
  • Increased risk of vomiting
  • Kidney increase in size and volume
  • Increased urinary frequency
  • Pregnancy mask
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Circulatory system changes in women during pregnancy (6)

A
  • Blood volume increases to meet new metabolic needs
  • Red blood cell count increases
  • White blood cell count increases
  • Heart increases in size
  • Cardiac output increases 30-50%
  • HR increases 15-20 beats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to BP during pregnancy and when

A

0-24 weeks- Decrease
24 weeks to birth- Increase
After birth- Gradual return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What results from slowed venous return due to an enlarged uterus and what can result

A
  • Pooling, defendant edema
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Vericose veins

-DVT and pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What effect does slow venous return have on med administration

A

Delayed absorption of IM and SQ meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What can increased workload on heart during labor cause (3)

A
  • Ventricular failure
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Culminating heart failure

*Can result in cardia arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens to respiratory system during pregnancy (7)

A
  • Abdominal muscles lose tones
  • Respiration’s become more diaphragmatic
  • Decreased airway resistance
  • O2 consumption increases 20-40%
  • Increased minute volume
  • Resp alkalosis increases and is leveled by met acidosis
  • RR increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What occurs to the endocrine system during pregnancy (3)

A
  • Pancreas secretes more insulin due to increased free cortisol and progesterone
  • Estrogen can blunt the action of insulin
  • Cellular sensitivity to insulin decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do Primigravida/para, Multigravida/para, Grand Multipara and Nullipara mean

A 
Primigravida- 1st time pregnant
Primipara- Has only had 1 delivery
Multigravida- 2 or more pregnancies
Multipara- 2-5 deliveries
Grand Multipara- More than 5 deliveries
Nullipara- Woman has never delivered

Ex- 4 pregnancies, 3 miscarriages = G4P1 or G4A3P1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do gravita and parity mean

A

Gravita- Number of times pregnant

Parity- Delivery after 20 weeks and alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Explain Braxton Hicks contractions

A

False labor, uterus working out to prepare for birth

  • Irregularly spaced
  • Remains long
  • Constant intensity
  • Analgesics often abolish the pain
  • No cervical changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What should be done if delivery is imminent

A
  • Vitals
  • Estimate gestational age
  • Listen for fetal heart tones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is “lightening” in pregnancy

A

Feeling of relief of pressure in upper abdomen before labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the “bloody show”

A

Plug of mucous sometimes mixed with blood from uterus, possibly weeks before labor starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the first stage of labor

A

Beginning of cramping and contractions until fetus is repositioned to cervical opening
-Amniotic sac should rupture, cervix fully dilates to 10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is effacement in labor

A

The less muscular lower segment of uterus is pulled up over the presenting part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the second stage of labor

A

Begins with head of fetus entering birth canal to newborn fully out (crowning)
-Fetus’ head goes chin to chest>Face to woman’s ass>Head to side>Shoulders pop out

38
Q

What is the third stage of labor

A

Separation, and expulsion of the placenta. Lasts from delivery of newborn to delivery of placenta

39
Q

What is fetal acidosis

A

Acid-base response to hypoxia and the build up of lactic acid due to complications of birth

40
Q

Steps to assist with delivery (9)

A
  1. Control w/ gentle pressure, support head
  2. Check for nuchal cord w/ middle finger, slip over head or cut if needed
  3. Clear airway
  4. Guide head to get shoulders out
  5. Prepare for shootout after shoulders are out
  6. Maintain newborn at same or just below level of the mother
  7. Clamp 4” and 6” from newborn
  8. Wipe newborn clean, suction is needed
  9. Wrap in blanket, record time of birth
41
Q

When to record the APGAR score

A

1 and 5 min after birth

42
Q

What is Mag sulfate for in pregnancy and dose

A

Eclampsia, seizures

2-5 grams IV, 1/2 dose in 2 syringes if IM

43
Q

What is Calcium chloride for in pregnancy and dose

A

Hypocalcemia/Reverse Mag sulfate SFx

8-16mg/kg SIVP

44
Q

What is Terbutaline for in pregnancy and dose

A

Suppress pre-term labor, possibly if cord prolapse, pregnancy induced asthma

.25mg SQ, .2-.5mg Neb

45
Q

What is (Diazepam) Valium for in pregnancy and dose

A

Sedative/Anticonvulsant, eclampsia w/ anxiety

5-10mg SIVP

46
Q

What is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for in pregnancy and dose

A

Allergic reaction, hyperemesis gravidarum

50mg IV

47
Q

What is Ondansetron (Zofran) for in pregnancy and dose

A

Treat nausea and vomiting

.4mg IV/IO/IM

48
Q

What is Oxytocin (Pitocin) for in pregnancy and dose

A

Control severe postpartum hemorrhage ONLY after all products of conception leave vagina

49
Q

What is premature membrane rupture in pregnancy

A

Amniotic sac ruptures more than an hour before labor

  • May self heal
  • Risk of infection
50
Q

What is preterm labor

A

Regular, intense uterine contractions accompanied by effacement, after 20 less than 37 weeks

51
Q

What is fetal distress

-Treatment

A

Distress form hypoxia, trauma, abruptio placenta, prolapsed cord

Best care is quality care for the woman

52
Q

What is uterine rupture

  • S/S
  • Treatment
A

Uterus rupture during labor

S/S- Weak, dizzy, thirsty, weakening contractions, sharp/tearing pain, shock

Treatment- Shock management

53
Q

What is post term labor

A

Fetus born after 42 weeks

54
Q

What is meconium staining

-S/S

A

Chemical pneumonia from ingestion of meconium in amniotic fluid

S/S-Green/black meconium, depressed newborn

Treatment- Suction as needed

55
Q

What is Fetal macrosomia

  • Complications
  • S/S
A

“Big baby syndrome”- More than 9 lbs

Complications-Cephalopelvic distortion, shoulder dystocia

S/S-Check newborn BGL

56
Q

What is Hydramnios

-Complications

A

(Polyhydramnios) There is too much amniotic fluid

Complications-Possible prolapsed cord and abruptio placenta and increased chance of postpartum hemorrhage

57
Q

What is brow presentation

A

Head extended slightly

58
Q

What is Occiput posterior presentation

A

Face up, can prolong delivery

59
Q

What is military presentation

A

Head in a more neutral presentation of only partially flexed

60
Q

What is a breach presentation

A

Part of the body estimate first other than the head

61
Q

What is Frank breech presentation

A

Hips flexed and knees extended, butt presents first

62
Q

What is Incomplete breech presentation

A

One or both hips and knees extended, one or both feet at the presenting part

63
Q

What is Complete breech presentation

A

Hips and knees flexed, butt as presenting part

64
Q

Steps to follow if butt is being delivered first (7)

A
  1. Position woman on edge of bed
  2. Dont pull on newborn
  3. Support body when legs clear
  4. Lower newborn slightly
  5. Lift newborn back up when you can see hairline
  6. Create air gap if needed
  7. Proceed the rest of delivery as normal
65
Q

What is a transverse presentation

A

Fetus lies crosswise in the uterus and one hand may protrude

*DO NOT ATTEMPT DELIVERY

66
Q

What is shoulder dystocia

A

Difficulty delivering the shoulders as they get stuck behind the pelvic bone

67
Q

What maneuvers are there to widen a woman’s pelvis during birth

A

Push down on pelvis or have woman hyperflex into abdomen

68
Q

What is a nuchal cord and a problem with it

A

Umbilical cord wrapped around the newborns neck, can result in cord compression causing fetal distress

69
Q

What is a prolapsed umbilical cord and the problem associated

A

Umbilical cord presents before the fetus and can’t shunt off blood to the fetus if pressure is applied to it

70
Q

Treatment of prolapsed umbilical cord (5)

A 
1-Woman supine, hips elevated a lot
2- O2 via NRB
3-Have woman pant breath
4-2 fingers gently push presenting part off cord
5-Keep pressure of umbilical cord
71
Q

What is a problem of substance abuse in pregnancy

-Signs a newborn is born an addict (5)

A

Fetus can develop birth defects and become an addict

Signs
-Respiratory depression, BradyC, TachyC, Seizures, Cardiac arrest

72
Q

Placenta previa
S/S
Treatment

A

Placenta is implanted low in uterus, partial or complete block of cervix

S/S-Painless bleeding, soft/tender uterus, Grey turner or cullens sign, recent sex

Treatment-Shock management

73
Q

Abruptio Placenta
S/S
Treatment

A

Premature separation of placenta from uterus

S/S- Sudden, sharp/tearing pain, a lot to no bleeding, stiff abdomen

Treatment-L lateral, treat for shock

74
Q

Three degrees of uterine inversion, explain each

A

1st- Cervix drops, remains in vagina

2nd- Cervix lies at the opening to vagina, body of uterus is in the vagina

3rd- Uterus and cervix protrude through vaginal opening

75
Q

Uterine Inversion
S/S
Cause
Treatment

A

S/S

  • Tissue protrusion
  • Heaviness or fullness feeling
  • Fatigue
  • Lower back pain

Cause
Pulling on umbilical cord

Treatment

  • One attempt to replace
  • Cover with sterile, moist gauze
  • Treat for shock
76
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy
S/S
Treatment

A

Ovum develops outside of uterus

S/S

  • Rapid onset, unilateral pain
  • Radiation to shoulder
  • Amenorrhea >5 was since LMP

Treatment-Treat for signs of shock and pain meds

77
Q

Preeclampsia
S/S
Treatment

A

HyperT with onset of edema, HyperT and protein in urine after 20th wk of gestation predisposing seizures, can progress to eclampsia

S/S
Systolic over 160 or Diastolic over 110
Headache, dizzy, nausea, vomiting, spots in vision

Treatment
Mag Sulfate 2-5 grams
Labetalol, Hydralazine

78
Q

Eclampsia

Treatment

A

Seizures with present S/S of preeclampsia. Usually resolves from 0-10 days after birth.

Treatment
Mag Sulfate 2-5 grams
Other Hypertensive meds

79
Q

Gestational diabetes
S/S
Complications
Treatment

A

Inability to process carbs, insulin increase

S/S-Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Complications- Oral glucose crosses placental barrier

Treatment- O2, BGL, Fluids

80
Q

Pregnancy Asthma
Complications
Treatment

A

A common condition to complicate pregnancy, can produce progressive hypoxia to both

Complications- Preature labor, preeclampsia, resp failure, vag hemorrhage, eclampsia, low birth weight, retardation, potential fetal death

Treatment- Asthma protocol

81
Q

Findings in injured pregnant women from truama

A

Abnormal fetal position, easily palpated fetus, unable to palpate fundus, vaginal bleeding

82
Q

What % of blood loss do signs of Hypovolemic present in pregnant patients

A

About 40%

83
Q

What is the best treatment for the fetus in trauma

A

Care for the mother

84
Q

How should you transport a pregnant patient on a back board

A

Elevate right hip 6 inches

85
Q

Treatment for pregnant trauma patient

A 
1-Airway, early ET if needed and O2 NRB
2-Control bleeding ASAP
3- 1 or 2 IV lines and bolus if needed
4-Notify ER
5-Tilt backboard 30* left
86
Q

CPR differences in pregnant patients

A
  • Left lateral uterine displacement
  • Hands 5-7” below angle of Louis for CPR
  • Can do CPR on dead woman to save baby
87
Q

Potential causes for maternal cardiac arrest

BEAUCHOPS

A
  • Bleeding/DIC
  • Embolism
  • Anesthetic complications
  • Uterine Antony
  • Cardiac disease
  • Hypertension
  • Other Hs and Ts
  • Placenta abruptio/previa
  • Sepsis
88
Q

Maternal arrest treatment

A
  • IV above diaphragm
  • Assess for hypovolemia
  • Anticipate difficult airway
  • Stop mag is used (calcium to reverse)
  • Continue CPR
89
Q

Full APGAR scoring system

A

Appearance: 2- Pink, 1-Acrocyanosis, 0-Cyanotic
Pulse: 2->100, 1-<100, 0-No pulse
Grimace: 2-Great, 1-Poor, 0-None
Activity: 2-Resistant, 1-Some, 0-None
Respirations: 2-Strong cry, 1-Weak, 0-None

90
Q

Postpartum bleeding
Causes
Treatment

A

> 500 mL blood loss, can last up to 24 hrs

Causes-Ineffective contractions, retaining placenta pieces, vag/cervix tears

Treatment- Control bleed, massage uterus, encourage breast feeding, fluid, oxytocin

Sinclair Paramedic 2150 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions