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Sinclair Paramedic 2150 > 1- Trauma- Airway And Assessment > Flashcards

1- Trauma- Airway And Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinematics equation and what has the most effect

A

K = 1/2Mass x Velocity^2

Velocity/speed has the biggest effect

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of collisions in a car vs object crash

A

1- Car vs Object
2- Body vs interior of vehicle
3- Organs vs body interior

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3
Q

What are secondary collisions in a vehicle collision

A

Contents of the car striking the victim

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4
Q

What are the 5 types of vehicle collisions from most to least common

A 
1- Rotational 38%
2- Frontal 32%
3- Lateral 15%
4- Rear end 9%
5- Rollover 6%
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5
Q

What is down and under caused by and what happens

A

Frontal collisions

Knee, femur, hip fractures and dislocations from sliding under the steering column and hitting the dash

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6
Q

What is up and over caused by and what happens

A

Frontal collisions

Chest injuries, head injuries or ejection

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7
Q

What type of collision has a high incident of deaths

A

Lateral collisions

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8
Q

Injuries resulting from Lateral collisions

A
  • Extremity, rib fracture, on side of impact

- Cspine and aorta injury

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9
Q

Explain paper bag syndrome

A

Rapid inhale right before impact, chest hits interior and punctures inflated lung

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10
Q

What is a main concern of rotational impact

A

Multiple impacts but less injury that vehicle suggests

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11
Q

3 step process of a rear end collision

A

1- Head snaps back, neck extends
2- Head snaps forward, neck flexes
3- Brain also moves inside the skull

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12
Q

Injury patterns from rollover crashes are

A

Unpredictable

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13
Q

Most life threatening injury from a vehicle collision is

A

Ejection

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14
Q

Proper position for a lap belt

A

Across pelvic girdle

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15
Q

Injuries from improper lap belt placement

A

T-12, L-1 and L-2

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16
Q

Injuries from improper shoulder harness position

A

Chest and head injuries

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17
Q

At what age can kids ride in the front seat

A

13 y/o

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18
Q

How is an airbag deployed

A

Electrical charge of impact

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19
Q

What from an airbag can cause what problem

A

Chemicals can irritate eyes and mouth

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20
Q

4 types of motorcycle collisions

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Angular
  3. Sliding
  4. Ejection
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21
Q

Common injury from frontal motorcycle collision

A

Bilateral femur fracture

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22
Q

Common injury from angular motorcycle collision

A

Trapped lower extremity

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23
Q

Common injury from a sliding motorcycle collision

A

Abrasions and minor fractures

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24
Q

3 types of motorcycle ejections

A
  1. Bike v Object
  2. Rider v Object
  3. Rider v Ground
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25
Q

What’s the main concern with sports injuries

A

C-spine

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26
Q

When should you remove a helmet (2)

A
  • Too big/loose

- Inaccessible airway when needed

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27
Q

3 impacts of pedestrian accidents

A

1- Vehicle hits body
2- Body hits vehicle
3- Body hits ground

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28
Q

What is related to injury potential of falls

A

Height

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29
Q

At what height is a fall considered significant

A

3x the persons heights

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30
Q

What things should be considered with a fall (4)

A
  1. Height
  2. Surface
  3. Body part that hit first
  4. Path of energy displacement
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31
Q

How do adults typically land vs kids

A

Adults- Feet

Kids- Heads

32
Q

5 types of blast injuries

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Qauternary
  5. Quinary
33
Q

What primary blast injuries

A

Concussion of blast, hollow organs rupture

34
Q

What are secondary blast injuries

A

Flying objects, can penetrate the body

35
Q

What are tertiary blast injuries

A

From the body being thrown, musculoskeletal injuries

36
Q

What are quaternary blast injuries

A

Injuries from the heat of the blast itself

37
Q

What are quinary blast injuries

A

From a dirty bomb, the chemical injuries/effects

38
Q

What do burn patients die from

A

HYPOXIA

39
Q

What do most trauma patients die from other than hypoxia for burn victims

A

Blood loss

40
Q

Cavitation in trauma is a result of what

A

Medium or high speed energy, spreads more energy outward

41
Q

What is trajectory

A

The path of a projectile

42
Q

What is drag

A

Force to slow trajectory

43
Q

What is cavitation

A

Outward motion of tissue

44
Q

2 important things to find with a penetrating trauma injury

A

The entrance and exit wounds

45
Q

What is the Golden Hour/Period

A
  • Begins at onset of injury

- No more than 10 minutes on scene

46
Q

What is more important bleeding control or airway control

A

Bleeding control, if bleeding

47
Q

What words indicate it is important to stop bleeding (4)

A
  • Significant
  • Profound
  • Gushing
  • Squirting
48
Q

What is the result of prolonged scene times

A
  • Increased death rate
  • Prolonged hospital stays
  • Inefficient care delivery
49
Q

What is the main cause of prolonged scene times

A

Ineffective team management

50
Q

3 reasons to stop an assessment

A
  1. Scene becomes unsafe
  2. Airway obstruction
  3. Cardiac arrest
51
Q

Initial assessment should take how long and look for what

A
  • Less than 2 minutes

- Identify any immediate life threats

52
Q

What should you assess on the rapid trauma assessment (6)

A
  • Head/neck
  • Chest
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis
  • Extremities
  • Back
53
Q

What does DCAPBTLSIC stand for

A 
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Penetrations
Bruising
Tenderness
Lacerations
Instability 
Crepitus
54
Q

What should be done during a rapid trauma survey (4)

A
  • Baseline vitals
  • Brief neuro exam (Pupils, GCS, signs of cerebral herniation)
  • Medical alert tags
  • Consider other causes
55
Q

Who is considered a priority patient (4)

A
  • Dangerous MOI
  • History (Loss of consciousness)
  • High risk groups
  • Abnormal initial assessment
    - Abnormal perfusion, difficulty breathing, abnormal perfusion
56
Q

Load and go situations

A

Significant MOI and/or poor general health

57
Q

Name 7 load and go situations

A
  • AMS
  • Abnormal respiration’s
  • Abnormal circulation
  • Abnormal chest exam
  • Tender, distended abdomen
  • Pelvic instability
  • Bilateral femur fractures
58
Q

Interventions that can/should be done on scene with a critical patient

A
  • Manage airway
  • CPR
  • Control major external bleeding
  • Seal sucking chest
  • Stabilize flail chest
  • Decompress tension pneumo
  • Stabilize impaled object
  • Complete packaging
59
Q

4 things to remember when contacting medical direction with a trauma patient

A
  1. Contact ASAP
  2. Give ETA
  3. Give condition of the patient
  4. State what’s needed before arrival
60
Q

If there is a change in the patients condition what should you do (2)

A
  • Redo primary assessment

- Check interventions

61
Q

What is a Mallampati score

A

Conscious patient opens mouth, determine difficulty of an intubation

62
Q

2 good reasons for RSI

A

Burns, Major facial trauma

63
Q

SpO2 goal for a trauma patient

A

Greater than 95%, as high as possible

64
Q

O2 % for Cannula, NRB, BVM and flow rate of each

A

Cannula, 2-6 Lpm, 25-30%

NRB, 12-15 Lpm, 60-90%

BVM, 12-15 Lpm, 90-100%

65
Q

Normal TV for an adult

A

400-600 cc

66
Q

Normal MV for an adult

A

6 Lpm

67
Q

Hypoventilation pCO2 number

A

Above 40

68
Q

Hyperventilation pCO2 number

A

Below 35

69
Q

Ventilation rate for intubated vs non-intubated patients

A

Intubated- 8-10

Non intubated- 10-12

70
Q

Suction immediately for (2)

A
  • Avoid gastric distention

- Gurgling respiration’s

71
Q

What does the difficult ventilation pneumonic BOOTS stand for

A 
Beard
Obesity
Older patients
Toothlessness
Snores or stridor
72
Q

What does hyperventilation result in (2)

A
  • Decreased cerebral perfusion

- Alkalosis

73
Q

What does hypoventilation result in (2)

A
  • Builds up CO2

- Acidosis

74
Q

As blood volume goes down what happens to CO2

A

CO2 goes down

75
Q

When is immediate intubation required

A

Impeding airway closure

Sinclair Paramedic 2150 (16 decks)

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