7-les equilibres acides bases Flashcards

1
Q

pH=

A

-log [H3O+]

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2
Q

Ke=[H3O+].[OH-]

A

produit ionique de l’eau = csnte de dissociation

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3
Q

acide?

A

cède H+ (doit posseder un protons)

accepteur de doublet electronique

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4
Q

base?

A

capte H+

possede un doublet electronique non liant

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5
Q

couple acide-base ce dit aussi?

A

conjugué

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6
Q

amphoteres?

A

peuvent ceder ou capturer un H+

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7
Q

réaction acide base?

A

acide 1 + base 2 acide 2 + base a

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8
Q

si l’acide est fort alors ça base conjugué est ….

A

faible

et vis-versa

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9
Q

la reaction acide-base est plus complete quand…

A

… la difference de force est importante

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10
Q

csnte d’equilibre d’une reaction acide-base?

A

K= [base1].[acide2]/[acide1].[base2]

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11
Q

dans l’eau a 25•C:
Ka.Kb =
pKa.pKb =

A
Ka.Kb = 10^-14
pKa.pKb= 14
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12
Q

acide le plus fort dans l’eau ?

base la plus forte dans l’eau ?

A

H3O+

OH-

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13
Q

acide en solution dans l’eau;

base en solution dans l’eau;

A

[H3O+]/[OH-] > 1

[H3O+]/[OH-] < 1

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14
Q

valeur du:

pH neutre a 25 •C?

pH a neutre 60 •C?

pH a neutre100 •C?

A

pH= 7

pH= 6,5

pH= 6,1

(l’eau ne devient pas acide en chauffant mais que chauffer favorise la dissociation)

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15
Q

valeur pKa pour:

acides très fort (et bases très faible)

acides et bases faibles

bases très fortes (acides très faibles)

A

pKa <0

0 14

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16
Q

valeur du pH physiologique?

A

pH= 7,4

17
Q

calcul pH d’une solution d’acide: si dissociation totale

avec des acides fort alors…

avec des acides faible, alors…

A

pH=-log C0

pH= 1/2 (pKa-log C0)

18
Q

calcul pH d’une solution basique: si dissociation totale

avec des acides fort alors…

avec des acides faible, alors…

A

pH= 14 + log C0

pH= 7 + 1/2 (pka + log C0)

19
Q

relation de Henderson

A

pH=pKa +blog (C base/ C acide)

20
Q

pH = pKa
pH > pKa
pH < pKa

A

[Acide] = [Base]
[Acide] < [Base]
[Acide] > [Base]

NB: pH= pKa +_ 1 (soit facteur 10)

21
Q

qu’es ce qu’un melange tampon?

A

solution qui:

contient acide et base conjugues

peut absorber 1 nM d’acide ou de base forte

22
Q

pouvoir tampon:

c’est quoi?
optimale quand?
depend de quo8c

A

capacité a absorber des var’ de pH lors d’apports d’acide ou de base

optimale autour du pKa

depend de la concentration