7: Hypoxia Flashcards
What is hypoxia?
deficient amount of oxygen to tissues of the body
and therefore altered/insufficient cardiac or respiratory function
What is hypoxemia?
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
What is anoxia?
lack of oxygen
How long does it take for anoxia to cause damage?
a few minutes
What are 5 medical conditions or situations that can result in hypoxia?
1) COPD
2) Obstructive sleep apnea
3) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
4) high altitude
5) COVID
What does COPD lung damage look like? (3)
1) hard to exhale
2) air gets trapped in the lungs
3) thick mucus causing chronic cough
How many pts with mild hypoxemia due to COPD have some degree of cognitive impairment?
27%
How many pts with severe hypoxemia due to COPD have some degree of cognitive impairment?
61%
What are 6 brain damage issues that can result from hypoxemia due to COPD?
1) encoding/retrieval memory
2) problem solving
3) verbal fluency
4) working memory
5) psychomotor speed
6) simple motor skills
What is OSA?
obstructive sleep apnea: repeated obstruction of upper airway during sleep
What are 2 symptoms of OSA?
1) periodic oxygen desaturations
2) sleep fragmentations (frequent awakenings)
What percent of older people have OSA?
56-70%
What are 8 negative side effects/deficits of sleep apnea in adults?
1) sustained/selective attention
2) psychomotor speed/fine motor coordination
3) planning
4) initiation
5) mental flexibility
6) working memory
7) verbal fluency
8) learning/memory
Neuroimaging on sleep apnea pts shows what?
reductions in prefrontal cortex, subcortical gray matter, hippocampus, and white matter
What is CPAP?
continuous positive airway pressure
