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Neuro Cognitive Disorders > 14: Memory Rehabilitation > Flashcards

14: Memory Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What type of memory strategies should be used with pts with mild impairments?

A

1) internalized strategies (e.g. visual imagery)

2) external memory compensations (e.g. google calendar with notifications)

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2
Q

What type of memory strategies should be used for pts with severe impairments?

A

1) errorless learning

2) external memory compensations

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3
Q

What are 4 facets of approaches for memory treatment?

A

1) direct training (drill)
2) focus only on certain memory functions
3) focus on intact memory functions to support impaired ones
4) compensatory strategy use

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4
Q

What are 6 variables for manipulating difficulty of memory activites?

A

1) amount of to-be-remembered info
2) type of to-be-remembered info
3) similarity of encoding and retrieval conditions
4) encoding strategy
5) length of time until recall
6) type of recall task

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5
Q

What are 4 different types of to-be-remembered information considerations?

A

1) syntactic complexity
2) emotional content
3) self vs. clinician generated
4) modality

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6
Q

What are 2 different encoding strategies?

A

1) shallow-rote rehearsal

2) semantic elaboration

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7
Q

What are 2 different types of recall tasks?

A

1) free recall

2) recognition/cued recall

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8
Q

What can be helpful for encoding memory? (2)

A

1) making associations - linking new info to existing info

2) organizing information

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9
Q

Which is better? Working on learning something for a few minutes several times a day or 1 hour once a day?

A

a few minutes several types a day

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10
Q

What are 3 treatment methods for memory?

A

1) drill based memory tasks
2) mnemonic strategy training
3) metamemory training

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11
Q

What is drill based memory tasks and waht is their goal?

A

repetition used to “restore” memory capabilities

goal = teach specific info to allow individual to funcion more independently

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12
Q

What is the key factor in drill based memory tasks and what is the theory?

A

key: errorless learning
theory: memory can be exercised like a muscle and using it for one task will increase performance on other tasks

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13
Q

What pt types is drill based memory tasks used with?

A

CVA, TBI, anoxia, MCI

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14
Q

What are 4 strengths of drill based memory tasks?

A

1) good to pair with other strategies
2) works best for information that does not change
3) efficient way to teach specific protocols and routines
4) can assist in increasing attention

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15
Q

What are weaknesses of drill based memory tasks?

A

1) little empiraical evidence to support increased memory funciton
2) limited generalization to untrained stimuli

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16
Q

What is the clinical bottom line of drill based memory techniques?

A

does not increase memory capacity or abilities, doesn’t cure memory deficit, it is not a msucle
It should be used in conjuction with other techniques/strategies

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17
Q

What are internal memory strategies?

A

techniques used to cue interal recall of information

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18
Q

What are 3 strategies for internal memory?

A

1) visual imagery
2) semantic elaboration
3) verbal organization strategies

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19
Q

What is the theorhetical foundation of internal memory strategies?

A

encourages deeper level of processing, improving recall
integrates isolated information
provides built-in retrieval cues

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20
Q

What are 2 weaknesses of internal memory strategies?

A

1) requires metacognition

2) unnatural and difficult to generalize in every day life

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21
Q

What is the clinical bottom line with internal memory strategies?

A

only use with mild-moderate memory impairments

consider value of many tools in the toolbox

22
Q

What are 2 association techqinies?

A

1) visual-verbal imagery

2) visual schematis

23
Q

What is visual-verbal imagery?

A

recall names, ID a promitnent feature on a face with a name

24
Q

What is an example of a visual schematic?

A

For: goal-plan-do-review, draw a picture of that map

G->P->D->R->

25
Q

What is metamemory training?

A

training regarding the nature and extent of their memory problems, educational or experiential approach, prediction exercises

26
Q

What is the goal of domain specific treatment?

A

address specific problems associated with memory and be able to access infromation independently

27
Q

What are components of domain specific training?

A

1) takes time, weeks, months
2) partner with caregivers, staff, need to also be on board
3) use requires reinforcement
4) awareness - lack of makes more complicated

28
Q

What are external memory aids designed to do?

A

reduce load on memory and exec function to allow a person to successfully carry-out tasks

29
Q

What are common pt types for external memory aids?

A

Dementia, TBI, CVA

30
Q

Older individuals are more likely to purchase/use an external memory aid device if what? (5)

A

1) aware of mem deficits
2) has specific need for reminders
3) can afford it
4) familiar with electronics
5) has support in learning to us it

31
Q

What is the procedure for external memory aids? (4)

A

1) assess (attitudes, budget, goals, environment)
2) plan treatment
3) implement treatment
4) evaluate outcomes

32
Q

What is an orientation book

A

external memory aid for sever impairments
errorless learning, spaced retrieval
has autobiographical orientation page and additional orientation info (who are they, life story, basic info, and then info/pics of family, staff, etc)

33
Q

What are different options of external memory aids?

A

1) orientation book
2) memory notebook
3) autobiographical memory aids

34
Q

Spaced retrieval training is used with what pt types?

A

1) dementia (MCI may respond faster, late stages = more difficulty)
2) TBI
3) stroke

35
Q

What type of pt is a memory notebook used with?

A

mild to mod recall deficits

36
Q

What is a memory notebook?

What are the 3 core sections visible on 1-2 pages?

A

includes day to day activities, can vary based on pts unique needs

1) daily schedule
2) memory log
3) things to do

37
Q

What should happen in acquisition stage of using a memory notebook?

A

learn and remember names, locations, purpose, and use

38
Q

What should happen in the application stage of using a memory notebook?

A

start using in real life or role playing

pt encouraged to fill out notebook

39
Q

What should happen in the adaption stage of using a memory notebook?

A

start use in real world activities

40
Q

What are autobiographical memory aids?

A

approach used to remedy memory deficits and provide compenstory mechanism in form of memory aid or cues

41
Q

What are additional uses of autobiographical memory aids?

A

1) facilitate conversation/comm
2) orientation
3) increase engagement
4) modify difficult behavior
5) gain access to memories they have trouble retrieving

42
Q

What are factors to consider in developing and autobiographical memory aid?

A

1) format
2) font size
3) information included
4) information content
5) photographs/illustrations

43
Q

What training needs to be done with caregivers for autobiographical memory aids?

A

prompts, cues, reassurance, redirection, and expansion ideas

44
Q

What patient training needs to be done for autobiographical memory aids?

A

1) presentation of aid
2) rewards for reading book and elaborating on content
3) prompt for it if they don’t elaborate
4) training complete when pt has read everything and elaborated on at least 30% in 1 session

45
Q

What are 5 strengths of autobiographical memory aids?

A

1) personally relevant
2) customizable
3) easily accessible
4) facilitate communication between pts and partners
5) can be used to observe non-verbal expression of pleasure

46
Q

What are 3 challenges of autobiographical memory aids?

A

1) family/staff must be active in development and use
2) development can be time consuming and costly
3) must begin training and implementation early

47
Q

Research shows that autobiographical memory books have…

A

1) increased number of on topic utterance
2) decreased ambiguous statements with dementia pts
3) improved QOL
4) improved autobiographical memory

48
Q

What are 2 strengths of external memory aids?21

A

1) can provide both visual and auditory reminders

2) can reduce anxiety and improve confidence

49
Q

What are 4 weaknesses of external memory aids?

A

1) cost
2) vision requirements
3) fine motor requirements
4) may be challenging to learn-new memory

50
Q

What is FOCUSED?

A

family/caregiver training

Functional and face to face
Orient to topic
Continuity of topic and concrete
Unstick communication blocks
Structure with y/n or multiple choice questions
Exchange conversation and encourage interaction
Direct, short, simple sentences

Neuro Cognitive Disorders (13 decks)

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