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Osteology > 7. Hand Bones > Flashcards

7. Hand Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Total number of bones in hand?

A

27 major with additional sesamoid

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2
Q

Function of hand bones?

A

Provide support and flexibility to soft tissue

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3
Q

3 groups of hand bones

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

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4
Q

Number and location of carpals

A

8 in the wrist

2 rows - proximal and distal

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5
Q

Number and location of metacarpals

A

5 in the palm of the hand

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6
Q

Number of phalanges

A

3 per finger

2 in the thumb

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7
Q

Proximal carpal bones

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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8
Q

Distal carpal bones

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
capitate
Hamate

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9
Q

What do carpal bones form?

A

An arch in the coronal plane

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10
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

A membranous band spanning the medial and lateral edges of the arch to form the carpal tunnel

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11
Q

What are the four major projections of the carpal bones?

A

Hook of hamate
Pisiform
Scaphoid tubercle
Crest of trapezium

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12
Q

Properties of scaphoid

A

Boat/cashew nut shaped
Largest bone in proximal row
Concave surface for head of capitate
Convex surface for articulation with distal radius

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13
Q

Scaphoid tubercle

A

Blunt
Non-articular projection
Attachment for flexor retinaculum

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14
Q

Properties of lunate

A

Crescent shaped
Concave surface articulates with capitate
Large, broad articular surface
Articulates with distal radius

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15
Q

Position of lunate

A

Centrally in carpal bones between scaphoid and triquetrum

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16
Q

Properties of triquetrum

A

Pyramidal
3rd from thumb
3 articular surfaces
Articulates with pisiform via single circular elevated facet

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17
Q

Position of triquetrum

A

Between lunate and pisiform

Proximal row

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18
Q

Properties of pisiform

A

Pea-shaped
One side flattened for articulation with triquetrum
Attachment point for flexor retinaculum
Sesamoid bone

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19
Q

Properties of trapezium

A

Irregularly sided bone
Large saddle shape
Articulates with base of MC1

20
Q

What is the trapezium crest?

A

Long and narrow raised tubercle

21
Q

Properties of trapezoid bone

A

Boot shaped
Smallest carpal in distal row
Articulates with base of MC2

22
Q

Properties of capitate bone

A

Largest carpal
Distal end divided by 2 ridges into 3 facets
Head is rounded and smooth

23
Q

Capitate articulations?

A

Distal end - metacarpal 2,3 sometimes 4

Head - lunate and scaphoid

24
Q

Properties of hamate

A

Hook of hamate
Attachment point of flexor retinaculum
Double facet on base
Articulates with MC4 and 5

25
Q

Properties of metacarpals

A

Tubular bones
Round distal articular heads
Rectangular proximal bases

26
Q

Metacarpal articulations?

A

Bases all articulate laterally with eachother
Distally articulate with phalanges
Proximally articulate with 4 distal carpals

27
Q

Properties of metacarpal 1

A

Shortest
Broad
More robust than others
Simple proximal articular surface is saddle shaped

28
Q

Properties of metacarpal 2

A

Longest metacarpal

Base has long, curved blade like wedge

29
Q

Articulations of metacarpal 2?

A

Trapezoid
Capitate
Trapezium
MC3

30
Q

Properties of metacarpal 3?

A

Sharp projection (styloid process)

31
Q

Articulations of metacarpal 3?

A

Capitate
MC2
MC4

32
Q

Properties of metacarpal 4

A

Shorter and more gracile than 2 or 3
Fairly square base
3/4 articular facets

33
Q

Articulations of metacarpal 4?

A

Capitate
Hamate
MC3
MC5

34
Q

Properties of metacarpal 5?

A

Thinnest and shortest

Only 2 basal facets

35
Q

Articulations of metacarpal 5?

A

Hamate

MC4

36
Q

Properties of phalanges?

A

Shorter than MCs
No rounded heads
Anteroposteriorly flattened

37
Q

Properties of thumb phalanges?

A

Shorter and thicker

No intermediate phalanx

38
Q

Function of non-articular tubercle of metacarpals?

A

Attachment point for collateral ligaments

39
Q

Properties of proximal phalanx

A

Single, concave proximal articular facet for metacarpal head

40
Q

Properties of intermediate phalanx

A

Double proximal articular facet for head of proximal phalanx

Distal articular facet

41
Q

Properties of distal phalanx

A

Double proximal articular facet for head of intermediate phalanx
Terminal/Distal end has non-articular pad

42
Q

Name of non-articular pad on distal phalanx?

A

Distal phalangeal tuberosity

43
Q

Where does flexor carpi radialis attach?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal
Third metacarpal
Trapezial tuberosity

44
Q

Origin and insertion of opponens pollicis?

A

Origin - trapezium, flexor retinaculum

Insertion - metacarpal bone of the thumb

45
Q

Attachments of flexor retinaculum?

A

Origin - scaphoid tubercle, ridge of trapezium

Insertion - pisiform, hook of hamate

Osteology (11 decks)

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