7 Freud and Mahler

Question 1

Heinz Hartman - Maturation vs. Development

Answer 1

Maturation = biological vs. Development = biological and psychological, increasing independence from environment.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis goal.

Answer 2

Understand the SUBJECTIVE world of a patient.

Question 3

Freud: Conscious mind

Answer 3

Fully aware, governed by “secondary process”, ratinonal/logical/cognitive.

Question 4

Freud: Pre-conscious mind.

Answer 4

Unconscious but can become conscious with attention.

Question 5

Freud: Unconscious mind.

Answer 5

Repressed, unaware, governed by “primary process,” irrational, instinctual.

Question 6

Psychic determinism.

Answer 6

Everything we do or think is purposeful. Has precipitating/antecedent event.

Question 7

Mental structures.

Answer 7

Freud: constructs that have specific functions in mental life of an individual, not easily changed.

Question 8

Id

Answer 8

Unconscious.
“Pleasure principle.”
“Primary process.”
Instinctual drives: sexual (toward) and aggressive (away/against).

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

Develops from Id.
Unconscious AND conscious. 
Mediator.
"Reality principle."
"Secondary process."
Function = socially acceptable ways to gratify Id.

Question 10

Superego

Answer 10

"Conscience."
Morals/values.
Internalization and identification are important in development of superego.
"Ego ideal."
Can be harsh/punitive...guilt.

Question 11

Oral stage

Answer 11

Freud’s first stage: birth to 1yo.
Attention to mouth.
Dependent on mother.
Fixation: lack of delayed gratification, clinging, demanding, lack of self-sooth.

Question 12

Anal stage

Answer 12

Freud's 2nd stage: 1-3yo.
Attention to anal area.
Sphincter control -> sense of autonomy.
Obedience and control conflict.
Fixation: lack of control, assertion/submission, obedience/defiance.

Question 13

Phallic-Oedipal stage

Answer 13

Freud’s 3rd stage: 3-5yo.
Attention to penis or clitoris.
Oedipal/Electra conflicts.
Fixation: triangulation, relationships with “unavailable” partners, relationships = “conquests.”

Question 14

Latency stage

Answer 14

Not a formal stage, school age, dormant sexual interests.

Question 15

Genital stage

Answer 15

Early adolescence - adulthood.
Attention to genitals.
Mature sexual interests.

Question 16

Normal Symbiosis

Answer 16

1-5 months. Mahler’s.
Initial awareness of other self.
Mother = “need satisfying.”
“Mother and me” = fusion.

Question 17

Separation-Individuation

Answer 17

5-24 months, 3 sub-phases (Hatching, Practicing and Rapprochement.) Mahler’s.

Question 18

Hatching

Answer 18

Mahler: 5-10 months.
Beginning of physical differentiation = separation.
Focus on world beyond mother.
“Stranger anxiety.”
Fear = loss of object will lead to loss of self.

Question 19

Practicing

Answer 19

Mahler: 10-16 months.
Self-initiated locomotion.
Curiosity/exploration.
Susceptible to shame/humiliation and omnipotence develops.
"Separation anxiety."

Question 20

Rapprochement

Answer 20

Mahler: 16-24 months.
Moves away and back to mother.
Psychological differentiation = individuation.
Frustration/ambivalence.
Fears: loss of object if differentiates AND loss of self if continued merger.

Question 21

Object constancy

Answer 21

Mahler’s. 24-36 months.
“Whole” object relations.
See + and - qualities.
Capacity for loving and hostile feelings toward same person.
Differentiation is complete. Mother and self separate but in relationship.
Tolerate mother subs.

Question 22

Splitting

Answer 22

Mahler.
Separation of opposite affective states.
Us vs. them.

Question 23

Achievement of ego identity

Answer 23

Develop clear, confidant sense of self with continuity across situations/time.