7>conversation analysis Flashcards
Conversation analysis (CA)=
involves the SEQUENTIAL norms underlying the organisation of social norms (aka how speech acts interact with one another & how they are sequentially organised)
Conversation functions as…. depending on…?
a system, depending on its contextual situatedness
Talk-in-interaction depends on?
the organisation of turn-taking
turn taking=
the relative ordering of speakers, of construction units & of different types of utterance
sequential organisation (broad)=
depends on turn-taking (the relative ordering of utterance & actions)
sequence organisation (narrower)=
the organisation of courses of action enacted within turns-at-talk (sequences of actions/moves as vehicles for getting some general activity done
2 ways to turn take?>
-1 selection by prior speaker (whose turn action requires a turn with a ‘responsive action’ from next speaker)
-2 self-selection (claim turn-space by starting a first TCU)
TCU=
turn constructional unit
Transition relevant pace=
1>when a speaker approaches the possible completion of a 1st TCU in a turn, transition to a next speaker can become relevant
2>transition to next speaker is accomplished just after the possible completion of the TCU in progress
3> the span that begins with the imminence of possible completion is a “transition-relevance-place”
Turn-constructional units=
the building blocks out of which turns are fashioned
TCU’s can be made of>
sentences (“im finally home”)
clauses (“on the shelf”)
lexical items (“there, no, old trafford”)
what are TCU’s bounded by?
the phonetic realisation of ‘intonational packaging’ (thus are phonetically separated)
2 features of adjacency pairs>
1>hearers should project the imminent possible completion of a TCU & what actions it is implementing
2>A TCU serves to (i) select the next speaker & (ii) what sort of responses that action makes relevant for that next speaker
FPP=
first-pair-part (main action of speaker A)
SPP=
second-pair-part (main action of speaker B)
Affect of conditional relevance on an adjacency pair>
conditional relevance DEFINES an adjacency pair–>it determines sequences (e.g. greeting-greeting; qn-ans)
An adjacency pair=
a unit of two turns by different speakers
What are ‘pair-parts’ united by in an adjacency pair?
a ‘relevance rule’
what is a ‘relevance rule’ in pair-parts of adjacency pairs?>
relevance rule= upon the recognisable production of the first pair-part, the recipient should produce a second pair-part of the SAME sequence type
when may ‘TROUBLES’ arise?>
when joint structure of adjacency pairs & relevance is not JOINTLY observed interactionally
When a summon (directive) is not abided to in the second pair-part, what happens?>
- pursuit
- inference
- report (“you are not answering; “she didnt answer”)
Pre-expansions=
an adjacency pair that occurs before the first pair-part of a base adjacency pair & projects the relevance of that sequence (e.g. a pre-invitation)
what are pre-expansions mostly used for?>
to create alignment with the interlocutor & avoid TROUBLES
counter=
responding to the just completed first pair part with the SAME FORMULA being redirected at the one who just did it (e.g. “whats this?” “why dont you tell me?”)
Announcement sequences=
sequences in which tellers ‘launch’ to convey “news” on their own intiative
(e.g. “do you wanna know what happened yesterday?” “what” “this..”)
