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Anatomy 2 > 7) Cervical Spine > Flashcards

7) Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-6

Small kidney shaped VB

Short pedicels pass pesterolaterally

Long narrow laminae pass posteromedially

Short bifid Spinous process

Large 🔺 vertebral foreman

Stout transverse process arising from the lateral aspect of the body of pedicel

Foreman Transversium= for the vertebral artery in each transverse process

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2
Q

Articular surfaces Cx

A

Large inferior and superior articular processes which have articular facets

Direction of facets:

Superior: superoposterially

Inferior: inferoanteriorlly

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3
Q

Typical thoracic vertebrae

A

T2-8

❤️ shaped VB

Short pedicels project posteriorly

Laminae project towards midline

Long spinous process slopes downwards : middle Tx spins almost vertical

Small circular vertical foreman- no need to form a plexus for peripheral nerves

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4
Q

Articular surfaces Tx

A

1) Inferior Costal facets- sides of VB
2) Long thick rounded transverse process project posterolaterally and slightly upwards: costal facet on anterior surface near the tip facing anterolaterally for the tubercle of the rib

***Articular processes project almost vertically and have articular facets ⬇️

3) Superior facets are concave transversely facing posteriorly superolaterally
4) Inferior facets are convex transversely facing Anteriorly and inferomedially

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5
Q

Atypical Tx

A

1

9

10

11

12

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6
Q

Classification of typical Cx and Tx joints

A

Anteriorly = 2nd cartilaginous

Posteriorly= zygoapophyseal

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7
Q

Static stabilisers

A 
IV disc 
Anterior longitudinal ligament 
Posterior longitudinal ligament 
Intertransverse ligament
ligamentum flava 
Interspinous ligament 
Supraspinous ligament =Cx LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE
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8
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Midline 🔺 fibroelastic septum

= large SA for muscle attachment doesn’t limit extension = larger range

External occipital protuberance - - - - C1-7 spinous processes

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9
Q

Atypical Cx vertebrae

A

C1= ATLAS: Bears very little resemblance to any other vertebra: no body or spinous process

C2 = AXIS : strongest of the cervical vertebrae has most of the features of a typical CX vertebrae

C7 = very long non-bifid process has similarities to TX vertebrae possessing a larger body and a smaller vertebral foreman

Transition point

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10
Q

C1 Atlas

A

Slender anterior and posterior arches joined on each sides by a lateral mass and has articular surfaces

Superiorly + Inferiorly= articular surfaces

Transverse processes laterally= Foreman transversearium

Posterior tubercle= quite like spinous process

Large vertebral foreman for spinal cord or pass through

See file

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11
Q

What’s in the Foreman transversearium

A

Vertebral vesselesnans sympathetic nerves go up to brain

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12
Q

C2 Axis

A

Dens of axis= c1 c2 articulations

Small round transverse process

Bifid spinous process

See file

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13
Q

Atlanto Occipital joint

A

2 Separate multiple joints

C0+C1

Synovial joint between occipital condyle on inferior aspect of skull - - - facet on superior surface of lateral mass of atlas

2 joints = single ellipsoid joint

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14
Q

Atlanto Occipital joint

Static stabilisers

A

Anterior Atlanto occipital membrane

Posterior Atlanto occipital membrane

Ligamentum nuchae

Other ligaments and membranous structures passing between C2 and occipital bone of skull

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15
Q

Anterior occipital membrane

A

Densely woven fibres

Thicker centrally by upward prolongation of ALL

Blends laterally with anteromedial capsule

*Anterior arch of atlas to in front of anterior margin of foreman magnum on base of skull

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16
Q

Posterior atlanto occipital membrane

A

Posterior margin of foreman magnum and below ——— upper boarder of posterior arch of atlas

Blends posteriormedial joint capsule

Lateral attachment to atlas it arches over the vertebreal artery and 1st cervical nerves

Lower arch part is thickened and may ossify

1st cervical never passes posterior to atlanto occipital joint

17
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

🔺 midline fibroelastic septum extending upwards

Spinous process 7th cervical vertebrae attaches to ———- external occipital protuberance and crest

Deep part= posterior tub if atlas and spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae

Neck muscle attatchment without limiting extensions

18
Q

Movements at atlanto occipital joint

A

Flexion: Retraction = double chin

Extension: protraction= piking chin

20°

Lateral flexion: 8°

19
Q

Atlanto Axail joints

A

Articulation between C1 -2

Atlas and Axis

3 joints:

2 lateral= synovial plane

1 Median= synovial pivot

All produce rotation

20
Q

Static stabilisers

A

Transverse ligament

Apical ligament of Dens

Membrane rector is

Alar ligament

ALL

Anterior antlanto axail membrane

Posterior ntlanto axail membrane

Ligamentum nuchae

Ligamentum flava

21
Q

Anterior antlanto axail member

A

Lower boarder if anterior arch of C1 and upper boarder of C2

Reinforced centrally by ALL as it comes up to attatch to anterior tubercle of anterior arch of atlas

22
Q

Posterior antlanto axail membrane

A

Lower boarder of posterior arch of C1 —— upper boarder of laminae of C2

Fills gap men loses segmental level

23
Q

Transverse ligament

A

Thick strong band acting behind The dens keeps it against against anterior arch of atlas

Covered fibrocartilage

From the middle of the ligament Small tubercle
Atlas

Superior band= middle of transverse ligament ascending to attatch to the anterior edge of foreman magnum

Inferior band= lower boarder middle transverse ligament passes downwards attatch es to posterior aspect of the body of C2

2 longitudinal bands together with the transverse ligament constitute the cruciform ❌ligament of the the atlas

24
Q

Alar ligament

A

Passes obliquely superolaterally from each side of apex of dens to medial side of occipital condyle

Short strong rounded band

Rotation side flexion

25
Q

Apical ligament

A

Slender band lying immediately in front of the upper longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament

stretching from the apex of the dens to the anterior edge of foreman magnum in between the diverging alar ligaments

26
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

Broad sheet fascia continuous with posterior longitudinal ligament

Extends from back of the body of axis to the occupital bone within the anterior edge of the foreman Magnum as far laterally as the hypoglosdens cruciform and alar ligaments

Synovial bursa Between membrane and median part of the transverse ligament of atlas

Blends spinal dura matter

27
Q

What pushes dens against anterior arch

A

X

28
Q

Atlanto-Axial joint

A

ROTATION

15° each side

Combination of gliding and rotational movement of the head and C1 simultaneously C2

Anterior arch of C1 and transverse ligament pivot around the stationary dens of C2

Inferior facets of the lateral masses of C1 glide over the superior facets of C2 one gliding forward and the other backwards

29
Q

Rotation + Alar ligament

A

Rotation is accompanied by slight vertical descent of the head on C to approximately 1 mm

Due to orientation of the articular surfaces of the lateral atlantoaxial joints the alar ligament slacken therefore delaying their action in limiting rotation at this segmental level

30
Q

Boundaries of intervertebral foreman

A

Oval shape

Pedicels of successive vertebrae above and below

Vertebral bodies and discs Anteriorly

Articular processes and facet joints between processes posteriorly

Exciting nerve roots from each level which combine and form the brachial plexus

Anatomy 2 (12 decks)

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