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Anatomy 2 > 4) Osteology Myology Arthrology Elbow+superior ulnar joint > Flashcards

4) Osteology Myology Arthrology Elbow+superior ulnar joint Flashcards

1
Q

Classification elbow joint

A

True hinge, synovial,compound, uniaxail

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2
Q

What is the sub divisions of the elbow articulations

A

The elbow joint can be sub-divided into:

1) humero-ulnar
2) humero-radial articulation.

The radioulnar joint plays no part in the movements of the elbow joint.

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3
Q

Articulating surfaces elbow

A

See file

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4
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

See file

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5
Q

Synovial membrane

A

The synovial membrane lines the internal surface of the fibrous capsule attaching to the articular margins of the humerus and ulna.

It is reflected upwards to cover the coronoid and radial fossae anteriorly and the olecranon fossa posteriorly.

Distally, the synovial membrane continues into the superior radioulnar joint, where it covers the inferior part of the annular ligament and is also reflected on to the neck of the radius.

Extensive forming numerous synovial folds

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6
Q

Ulna collateral ligament

A

Pinky side
🔺Thick ant+post bands thinner intermediateband

> Anterior band: front of medial epicondyle to medial coronoid process

> Intermediate band: undersurface medial epicondyle blends transverse band

> Posterior band: back of medial epicondyle to medial olecranon

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7
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Thumb side
Strong 🔺band
Less distinct than ulna ligament

Lateral epicondyle blends with the annular ligament— radial notch

Passes forwards and backwards

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8
Q

Flexion

NROM limiting factors

A

0-145°

90= most stable position

Anterior muscles of arm and forearm
Posterior joint capsule
Opposing muscles – triceps

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9
Q

Extension

NROM limiting factors

A

0°

Anterior fibrous capsule
Opposing muscles – biceps
Radio and ulnar collateral ligaments anterior part

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10
Q

What is the carrying angle

A

When your arms are held out at your sides and your palms are facing forward, your forearm and hands should normally be about 5 to 15 degrees away from your body. This is the normal “carrying angle” of the elbow. This angle allows your forearms to clear your hips when you swing your arms, such as during walking

Women 20-25

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11
Q

Superior radialulnar joint

A

Pivot, Simple,Synovial,Uniaxail

Circumference radial head+
fibro-osseous ring radial notch of ulna and annular ligament

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12
Q

Articular surface

A

See file

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13
Q

Quadrate ligament

A

Lower radial notch ulna to adjacent medial surface neck of radius

Criss-cross manner between radius and ulna

Some fibres are always under tension

Boarders are strengthened by lower annular ligament

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14
Q

NROM and limiting factors

Pronation

A

0-80

Quadrate ligament

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15
Q

NROM and limiting factors

Supination

A

0-70

Passive resistance of opposing muscles

Quadrate ligament

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16
Q

How does movements occur

A

Movement cannot occur unless there is simultaneous movement at the inferior radialular joint

17
Q

Stability

A

Quadrate ligament

Children: head of radius pulled from annular ligament = traction dislocation

18
Q

Muscles of the forearm

A

Supinator - supination forearm

Biceps brachii -flexor elbow, supinator forearm=lost when elbow is fully healed extended

Brachialis -main elbow flexor

Brachioradialis -flexes elbow *midpronation/supination

Pronator teres -anteromedial movement lower end radius weak flexor

Pronator quadratus - initiates pronation

Triceps -Extend elbow. Long head adduct and extend from from flexed
position

Anconeus -extension elbow joint, abduction ulna

19
Q

Supinator

A

S: y shaped 🔺

O:
1)Humeral Head
Inferior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus Radial collateral ligament

2)Annular ligament
Ulnar Head
Supinator crest Fossa of ulna

I:Posterior, lateral and anterior aspects of the radius

D:Downwards and laterally wrapping around the proximal third of the radius

A: Supination of the forearm

However, if a powerful supinatory activity is performed then Biceps brachii becomes the prime mover (with the elbow positioned in 120 ̊ semi-flexion to allow this to occur)

NS:Posterior radial interosseous nerve (C5,6)
[which is the deep branch of the Radial nerve]

20
Q

Bicepes brachii

A

S: long strap like

O:
1) long head: supraglenoid tubercle sits in bicipital groove
(synovial sheath)

2) Apex coracoid process

I: 2 tendons fuse forming 1 twisting 90° posterior part radial tuberosity

A: flexor elbow, supinator forearm=lost when elbow is fully healed extended

F: opening twisted lid of bottle

NS: musculocutaneous nerve C5,6

21
Q

Brachialis

A

S: long strap like
Main flexor of arm

O: distal 2/3 anterior surface humerus +adjacent septa

I: inferior coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

A: main flexor elbow. Controls extension produced by gravity

F: lowering down something fragile

NS: musculocutaneous nerve C5,6

22
Q

Brachioradialis

A

S:
Powerful flexor of forearm in mid-position

O: upper 2/3 anterior lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent septa

I: lateral surface of styloid process radius

A: flexes elbow *midpronation/supination

F: eccentrically as extensor = hammering

NS: radial nerve C5,6

23
Q

Pronator teres

A

S:

O:
1)humeral head: common flexor origin, medial epicondyle of humerus

2)Ulnar head:pronator ridge ulna

I: middle lateral surface radius

A: anteromedial movement lower end radius weak flexor

F:

NS: median nerve C6,7

24
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

S:

O: lower 1/4 anterior surface ulna

I: lower 1/4 anterior surface radius

A: initiates pronation

F:

NS: anterior Interosseous branch median nerve C8,T1

25
Q

Tricepes

A

S:

O:
1) long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula and adjacent glenoid labrum

2) medial head: posteriorsurface of humerus (below+ medial spiral groove) adjacent septa
3) lateral head: posterior surface humerus (above+lateral spiral groove)

I: posterior surface olecranon and adjacent deep fascia of forearm

A: Extend elbow. Long head adduct and extend from from flexed position

F: pushing up from chair press-ups

NS: radial nerve C6,7,8

26
Q

Anconeus

A

S:

O: posterior surface lateral epicondyle

I: lateral surface of olecranon, upper 1/4 posterior surface ulna

A: extension elbow joint, abduction ulna

F: screwdriver opening nail polish

NS: radial nerve C7,8

27
Q

How do these muscles contribute to stability of the elbow and superior radioulnar joints?

A

?

28
Q

Superior radioulnar joint

Joint capsule

A

Same as elbow

29
Q

Superior radioulnar joint

Synovial membrane

A

Elbow part of joint space

Attachments:

Upper margin fibrocartilage lining annular ligament and lower part extending below ligament as a redundant fold loose attachment head of radius. Accommodates twisting

Upper surface quadrate ligament = limits + supports it. Medially to radial notch

30
Q

Superior radioulnar joint

Movements

A

Rotation head of radius within fibro-osseous ring of annular ligament and radial notch

  1. Rotation of superior concave surface of Radial head in relation to capitulum
  2. Gliding bevelled ridge of radial head against capitultrochlear groove
  3. Lateral displacement radial head
  4. Tilting of plane of radial head inferolaterally
31
Q

Annular ligament

Attachments

A

Anteroposterior margins of radial notch forming 4/5 of the articular surface of the superior radioulnar joint

Fits round radius narrower distally to keep radius in place

32
Q

Functions of the annular argument

A

1) Flexible fibrocartilaginous ring forming 4/5 of the fibro osseous articular surface of superior radioulnar joint
2) Facilitating the range of movement of pronation and supinnation made of fibrocartilage allowing friction free movement
3) important static stabiliser by cupping the radial head and preventing downward displacement of radial head during distraction forces due to its narrower inferior diameter

Anatomy 2 (12 decks)

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