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Anatomy 2 > 4.0) Inferior Radioulnar Joint + Wrist > Flashcards

4.0) Inferior Radioulnar Joint + Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior radioulnar joint

A

Pivot,complex,synovial,uniaxail

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2
Q

Inferior radioulnar joint

Articular surface

A

See file

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3
Q

Inferior radioulnar joint

Joint capsule

A

See file

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4
Q

Inferior radioulnar joint

Synovial membrane

A

Large compared to size of joint

Extends upwards above joint margins of radius and ulna in front of Interosseous membrane as recessus sacciformis

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5
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

Continuous fascia strong fibrous sheet between Interosseous boarders of radius and ulna

Fibres pass obliquely and inferomedially

Deficient superiorly continuous fascia posteriorly of pronator quadratas

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6
Q

Interosseous membrane functions

A
  1. Static stabiliser of both radioulnar joints maintaining contact of articulating surfaces
  2. Minimising torsional stresses on the bones very strong bond acts as an internal brace
  3. Provides an increased surface area for muscle attachments in the forearm helping to compartmentalise these muscles into an anterior (flexor muscle compartment) and posterior (extensor muscle compartment)
  4. Tension during pronation and supination *midpronation
  5. Due to fibres passing obliquely medially and downwards it Facilitate great transmission through upper limb its able to transmit force from radius onto ulna then humeroulna articulation then axail skeleton
  6. Increased surface area muscle attachment in forearm fills gap between radius and ulna
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7
Q

Stability

A

Extremely stable

Articular disc
Interosseous membrane
Pronator quadratus

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8
Q

Movements

A

Rotation distal end radius around head do ulna during pronation and supination

Axis of pronation and supination coincide axis hand= middle finger
Radial rotation therefore accompanied by movement of head of ulna

As the radius rotates about the ulna the ulna is displaced. Displacement is a result of slight extension and medial displacement of ulna at elbow.

Side-to-side movement between trochlear humerus and trochlear notch is mechanically amplified at distal ulna

Extension+lateral displacement of ulna= aconeus= occur simultaneously during pronation

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9
Q

Pronation

A

Radius crosses ulna and is anterior

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10
Q

Supination

A

Radius and ulna are parallel to each other

When elbow is fully extended biceps is unable to produce supination as its tendon runs parallel to shaft of radius so cannot produce radial rotation

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11
Q

Wrist

A

Not a single joint

Articulations between:

Forearm- radiocarpal joint
Carpal bones- intercarpal, midcarpal

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12
Q

Carpus

A

8 individual small bones arranged around the carpitate

X2 rows : proximal and distal

  1. Proximal articulate with inferior radioulnar joint ( except pisiform)
  2. Proximal and distal articulate each other= midcarpal joint
  3. Distal and metacarpal= carpometacarpal joint
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13
Q

What are the proximal bones of carpus

Lateral to medial

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform

All except pisiform articulate with the distal radius and articular disc at inferior radioulnar joint

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14
Q

What are the distal bones of carpus

Lateral to medial

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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15
Q

Radiocarpal joint classification

A

ellipsoid, complex, synovial, bi-axial joint

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16
Q

Radiocarpal joint

Articular surface

A

See file

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17
Q

Radiocarpal joint

Joint capsule

A

See file

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18
Q

Radiocarpal joint

Synovial membrane

A

Locks synovial membrane lines joint capsule attaching to margins of all articular surfaces

Manifolds – particularly posteriorly

Due to disc + completeness of interosseous ligaments uniting proximal surface of proximal carpal row synovial cavity is limited to radiocarpal space

Periforation = communication inferior radioulnar joint

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19
Q

Radiocarpal joint

Caspular ligaments

A

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Palmer radiocarpal ligament
Palmer ulnocarpal ligament

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20
Q

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

A

Posterior lower end of radius ——— posterior surface of scaphoid lunate triquetral

Inferomedially

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21
Q

Palmer radiocarpal ligament

A

Anterior lower radius and styloid process ——anterior surface of proximal row of carpal bones

Broad band passing downwards and medially

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22
Q

Palmer ulnocarpal ligament

A

Anterior articular disk and base of ulnar styloid process ————- anterior surfaces of proximal carpal bones

Fibres extending inferolaterally

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23
Q

What happens to anterior and posterior Caspular ligaments

A

Become taut in extension and flexion of radiocarpal joint

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24
Q

Radiocarpal joint

Ligaments

A

Radial collateral carpal ligament

Ulnar collateral carpal ligament

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25
Q

Radial collateral carpal ligament

A

Tip radial styloid process to lateral side of the scaphoid

26
Q

Ulnar collateral carpal ligament

A

Rounded cord

Ulnar styloid process base of pisiforms and medial posterior non-articular surfaces off triquetral ( blends middle part of flexor retinaculum)

27
Q

Movement off radiocarpal joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

28
Q

Flexion radiocarpal + Midcarpal joint

NROM+ limiting factors

A

0 to 90°

Midcarpal contributes the most

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Tension in extensor tendons

29
Q

Extension radiocarpal and midcarpal joint

A

0 to 85°

Radiocarpal joint makes greatest contribution

Palmar radiocarpal ligament
Palmer ulnocarpal ligament
Tension flexor tendons

30
Q

Abduction radiocarpal and midcarpal joint

Radial deviation

A

0–15°

Ulnar collateral ligament

Impact scaphoid tubercle on radial styloid

31
Q

Adduction radiocarpal and midcarpal joint

Ulnar deviation

A

0-45°

Radial collateral ligament

32
Q

Intercarpal joints

Classification

A

Between x2 rows of carpals

Completed joint x2 rows = midcarpal joint

Plane, compound, synovial, multiaxail

33
Q

Intercarpal proximal row joint

A

Plane synovial distal scaphoid lunate and triquetral

Bones are bound together by interosseous dorsal+Palmer ligaments = minimal movement

34
Q

Intercarpal proximal row joint

Ligaments

A
  1. Interosseous intercarpal ligaments

•short bands attaching to margins of the joint surfaces radiocarpal articulation
Whole anteroposterior length

  1. palmar+dorsal intercarpal ligaments
  • transverse bands grim scaphoid to lunate
  • lunate to triquetral anteroposterior aspects
35
Q

Pisiform

A

?

Pg140

36
Q

Joints of intercarpal distal row

A

Intercarpal interosseous ligament palmar and dorsal same as proximal joint

Arrangements allows gliding movement between bones is minimal but increases movement at radiocarpal and mid carpal joints

37
Q

Difference in interosseous ligament in proximal and distal row

A

Distal row ligament is less extensive

Leaving clefts between bones

Runs transversely uniting trapezium to trapezoid to capitate to hamate

38
Q

Midcarpal joint

A

Completed joint x2 rows = midcarpal joint

39
Q

Midcarpal joint

Articulating surfaces

A

See file

40
Q

Midcarpal joint

Joint capsule

A

See file

41
Q

Midcarpal joint

Intercarpal synovial cavity

A

Lines the capsule and all non articular surfaces attaching to margins of all joint surfaces

Large complex

42
Q

Midcarpal joint

Ligaments

A

Palmar intercarpal (radiate capitate lig)

Dorsal intercarpal

Radial collateral

Ulnar collateral

Interosseous ligament

43
Q

Palmar intercarpal (radiate capitate lig)

A

Runs from bones of proximal row to head of capitate

44
Q

Dorsal intercarpal

A

Runs from bones of one row to the other

45
Q

Radial collateral

A

Strong, continuation radiocarpal collateral ligament

Runs from scaphoid to trapezium

46
Q

Ulnar collateral

A

Runs from triquetral and hamate

Continuation ulnar collateral carpal lig

47
Q

Interosseous ligament

A

Slender

Lateral side capitate to scaphoid

48
Q

Movements midcarpal joints

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

Transverse anteroposterior axis through head of capitate

**Movements occur in combination with radiocarpal joints

49
Q

Flexors of the wrist

A 
flexor carpi ulnaris 
flexor carpi radialis 
palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor pollicis longus

50
Q

Extensors of the wrist

A 
extensor carpi ulnaris 
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum 
Extensor indicis 
Extensor digiti minimi 
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
51
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

S: most medial superficial flexors

O:
1) humeral head: common flexor origin- medial epicondyle humerus+ fascia

2) Ulnar head: medial boarder olecranon, aponeurosis upper 2/3 posterior ulna

I: long tendon into pisiform, hook hamate

D: inferiorly

A:flexes hand at wrist, ulnar deviation. Stabilising pisiform during abduction of pinky

*synergist prevents unwanted extension

F:

NS: ulnar nerve C7,8

52
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

S: fusiform, most lateral

O: medial epicondyle of humerus + fascia

I: long tendon passes beneath flexor retinaculum
Distally: palmar surface bases 2nd,3rd metacarpals

D: oblique lateral

A: flexion, oblique nature= pronation, help flex elbow, radial deviation

F:

NS: median nerve C6,7

53
Q

Palmaris longus

A

S: small a scent 10% population between ulnar is and radialis

O: medial epicondyle

I: via flexor retinaculum to apex of palmar aponeurosis

D: inferiorly

A: flexion of wrist flexion metacarpalphalangeal

F:

NS: median nerve C8

54
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

S:

O: lat epicondyle + fascia+ aponeurosis posterior boarder of ulna

I: medial side base 5th metacarpal

D: inferomedially

A: extends wrist, works with other muscles=ulnar deviation

F:

NS: posterior Interosseous radial nerve C7,8

55
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

S: posterior compartment

O: anterior lower 1/3 lat supercondylar ridge, lat epicondyle common extensor tendon

I: posterior base 2nd metacarpal

D: distally

A: extend wrist

F:

NS: radial nerve C6,7

56
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

S:

O: lateral epicondyle common extensor tendon

I: posterior base 3rd metacarpal

D:

A: extension radial deviation

F:

NS: posterior Interosseous radial C6,7

57
Q

Flexor retinacula

A

Anterior to carpus

Strong band for retention of long flexor tendons

Converts the carpal sulcus into a tunnel

Attachments:

Laterally: Tubercle of scaphoid lips of trapezium
Medially: pisiform hook of hamate

58
Q

Extensor retinacula

A

Thickening of the deep fascia

Attachments:

Laterally: distal part of the anterior surface of radius
Medially: distal end ulna pisiform triquetral UCL

Septa run from its deep surface to the distal ends of the radius and ulna converting the grooves on the dorsum of the wrist into 6 separate tunnels each lined by synovial sheath

59
Q

Muscles in the

Superficial,intermediate, Deep anterior compartment of the arm

A

Superficial:

  1. flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. pronator teres.

Intermediated:

  1. Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep:

  1. flexor digitorum profundus
  2. flexor pollicis longus
  3. pronator quadratus.
60
Q

Muscles in the

Superficial and Deep posterior compartment of them arm

A

Superficial:

  1. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  2. extensor carpi ulnaris
  3. extensor digitorum
  4. extensor digiti minimi

Deep:

  1. supinator
  2. abductor pollicis longus
  3. extensor pollicis brevis
  4. extensor pollicis longus
  5. extensor indicis.

Anatomy 2 (12 decks)

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