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Anatomy 2 > 1)Osteology and Arthrology Pectoral Girdle > Flashcards

1)Osteology and Arthrology Pectoral Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the pectoral girdle

A

The clavicle and scapula

Sternonavicular joint and Acromionavicular joint= Pectoral Girdle

This allows transmission of the weight of the upper limb to the axial skeleton, and facilitating a wide range of movement of the upper limb.

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2
Q

Articulations of the shoulder complex

A

▪️STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT- clavicle articulates with the
thorax

▪️ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT- scapula articulates with the clavicle

▪️GLENOHUMERAL JOINT- scapula articulates with proximal humerus

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3
Q

Importance of the arrangement of the 3 joints that make the shoulder complex

A

This arrangement ensures that clavicular movements at the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are always associated with movements of the scapula and, movements of the scapula are often accompanied by movements of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint.

This enables the weight of the upper limb to pass from the humerus to the scapula, from the scapula through to the clavicle, and finally from the clavicle to the trunk at the sternoclavicular joint.

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4
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

This joint provides the only direct connection between the pectoral girdle, upper limb and the trunk.

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5
Q

Sternoclavicular joint classification and nerve supply

A

synovial,saddle, complex, multiaxail

functionally similar to a ball and socket

Medial supraclavicular nerve C3,4

Subclavius C5,6

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6
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

Articular surface

A

See file

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7
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

Joint capsule

A

A fibrous capsule surrounds joint like a sleeve v strong.

Strengthened …….
▪️anteriorly-Ant sternoclavicular lig
▪️posteriorly -Post sternoclavicular lig
▪️superiorly- capsular thickenings

▪️Inferiorly = weaker

Attachments:

Both the clavicle and the sternum inferior part passing between the clavicle and upper surface of the first costal cartilage

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8
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

Synovial membrane

A

Complete intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disc divides joint into 2 separate cavities = 2 synovial membranes

Loose lateral membrane lines the capsule, reflected from articulator margin of medial end of clavicle to margins of intra-articular disc

Medial membrane attaches to articular margins on sternum and margins of intra-articulating disc.

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9
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

Intra-articular structures

intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disc

A

Complete intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disc divides joint into 2 separate cavities

Disc is flat round and thinner centrally, perforated allows communication between cavities.

Attachments:

It’s circumference to the joint capsule particularly anteriorly and posteriorly firmly attached superiorly and posteriorly to the upper border of the medial end of the clavicle and inferiorly to the first costal cartilage.

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10
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

Intra-articular structures

intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disc function

A
  1. Shock absorber= provides cushioning between the articular surfaces due to its histological structure = allows distortion of disc
  2. compensates incongruity of opposing articular surfaces which are not reciprocal
  3. Strong static stabiliser anchors clavicle to manubrium and 1st CC through direct attachment = Prevents medial displacement (elevation of the clavicle at medial end)
  4. Facilitates increased range of movement by dividing the joint cavity into 2 separate compartments
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11
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

Ligaments

A
  1. Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
  2. Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
  3. Interclavicular ligament

4.Extra Caspular:
Accessory ligament = costoclavicular ligament

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12
Q

Anterior sternoclavicular ligament

A

Strong broad fibres strengthened tendon sternomastoid

Attachments:
Superior and anterior part of medial end of clavicle

obliquely inferiorly medially

front of upper part of manubrium sterni

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13
Q

Posterior sternoclavicular ligament

A

Not as strong as anterior ligament. Broad. Strengthened by sternohyoid.

Attachments:
Laterally-Superior posterior part of medial end of the clavicle

Medially-back of upper part of the manubrium sterni

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14
Q

Interclavicular ligament

A

Attachments:
Upper aspect of sternal end of one clavicle passing across the jugular notch to join fibres from opposite side.

Some attach to jugular notch floor

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15
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A

Accessory ligament. Extra caspular

*Extremely strong ligament short dense fibres

Attachments:
Upper surface first costal cartilage lateral end to posterior aspect inferior surface medial end of clavicle

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16
Q

costoclavicular ligament laminate

A

Has 2 laminea separated by a bursa attaches to ant and post lips clavicular rhomboid impression.

Anterior fibres- superolaterally
Posterior fibres- superomedially

*cruciate arrangement

Limits elevation, anterior, posterior movement of clavicle excessive

17
Q

Stability

A

Ant sternoclavicular
Post sternonavicular
Interclavicular
Costonavicular

18
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

This joint connects the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula.

Role in movement of pectoral glide= greater than sternoclavicular (sagittal plane)

19
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

Classification and nerve supply

A

Synovial, Plane,complex,multiaxail

Lateral supraclavicular
Lateral pectoral
Supracaspular
Axillary nerves

C4,5,6

20
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

Articular surface

A

See file

21
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

Fibrous capsule

A

Relatively loose strong fibrous capsule surrounding joint. Thickest superiorly

Strengthened…….
▪️superiorly- reinforced fibres of trapezius

Joint margins of clavical and acromion = acromionavicular

Attachment:
Articular margins fibres run in parallel fasciculi from clavical to acromion

22
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

Synovial membrane

A

Lines the inner surface of capsule attaching margins of articular surfaces

23
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

Intra-articular surfaces

A

The wedge shape fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc divides cavity

Joint disc is attached to upper inner part capsule extending down between the two articulating surfaces

Compensates small degree of incongruity between 2 joint surfaces

24
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

Extremely powerful situated medial to the acromioclavicular joint and anchoring lateral end of clavicle to the coracoid process

The coracoclavicular ligament consists of 2 distinct bands of fibres:

  1. The trapezoid fibres lie anterolaterally and are attached inferiorly to a roughened ridge on the superior surface of the coracoid process, passing obliquely to attach to the trapezoid line on the inferior surface of the clavicle.
  2. The conoid fibres lie posteromedially, attaching from the “elbow” of the coracoid process, passing vertically upwards to attach to the conoid tubercle on the inferior surface of the clavicle.
    * Due to their position and orientation, the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament are arranged to restrain opposite movements of the scapula with respect to the clavicle.
25
Q

Stability

A

Coraconavicular ligament

26
Q

Factors responsible for limiting range of movement of pectoral girdle

Elevation

A

SCJ: Tension in costoclavicular ligs & subclavius

ACJ: Coracoclavicular lig (both bands)

27
Q

Factors responsible for limiting range of movement of pectoral girdle

Depression

A

SCJ: Interclavicular lig. & intra-articular disc

28
Q

Factors responsible for limiting range of movement of pectoral girdle

Protraction

A

SCJ: Sternoclavicular ligament & costoclavicular ligament

ACJ: Coracoclavicular ligament & fibrous capsule

29
Q

Factors responsible for limiting range of movement of pectoral girdle

Retraction

A

SCJ: Sternoclavicular ligament & costoclavicular ligament

ACJ: Coracoclavicular ligament & fibrous capsule

30
Q

Function of the clavicle

A
  1. Acts as a stronghold in the upper limb away from trunk
  2. Transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  3. attachment for ligaments
  4. attachment for muscles
  5. Facilitates wide range of movement of the upper limb
31
Q

What is the roof of the subacromial space made of

A

Fibro-osseous structure:

coracoacromial arch
coracoid + acromion processes + coracoacromial ligament

32
Q

What is the floor of the subacromial space made of

A

Humeral head

Superior aspect of fibrous capsule

33
Q

What anatomical structures lie within the subacromial space

A

Subacromial bursa
Supraspinatus tendon
Infraspinatus tendon
Long head of biceps tendon

Anatomy 2 (12 decks)

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