Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr 3.1_Bio Basis of MH > 7 Bipolar > Flashcards

7 Bipolar Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 different stages of moods?

A

Mania, hypomania, euthymia, dysthymia, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mild form of bipolar and what two moods is it made up of?

A

Cyclothymic - hypomania and dysthymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is disruptive mood dysregulation?

A

A new diagnosis for children as BD was being over diagnosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 4 symptoms might you have if you have mania?

A

Irritable mood, abnormal goal directed behaviour / increased self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, excessive talking, flight of idea’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hypomania?

A

It is less severe than mania / no marked impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 symptoms might you have if you have major depression?

A

Low mood, anhedonia / weight change, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, guilt, suicidal, dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of depression?

A

Bipolar and monopolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during episode free periods?

A

Social functioning and cognition decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bipolar 1?

A

Having episodes of major depression and mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bipolar 2?

A

Having major depression and hypomania / being impulsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the gender differences in bipolar?

A

Women: more depressed, thyroid dysfunction, atypical or reverse vegetative, postpartum, comorbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the gender differences in bipolar comorbidity?

A

Women: more comorbid with anxiety / Men: more comorbid with substance abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Switch?

A

The transition from one mood, to one of opposite polarity / usually depression to mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What triggers cause the Switch?

A

Stress, sleep deprivation, antidepressants, ECT, substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List three environmental factors which might cause bipolar?

A

Childhood adversity, chronic stress, trauma, mood instability, sleep disturbances (irregular, reduction, time zones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What REM patterns may trigger bipolar?

A

Low REM latency and high REM density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What % heritability is bipolar?

A

85%

18
Q

What two genes may cause bipolar?

A

CLOCK and PER3

19
Q

What does and doesn’t neuroimaging of bipolar patients brains show?

A

Does show hypoactive OFC / risk / impulsivity

Doesn’t show if somehow has bipolar

20
Q

How do bipolar patients react in the pre-pulse inhibition tasks?

A

They are just as startled the second time / do not block important information

21
Q

What differences do bipolar patients have at the HPA axis?

A

Decreased hippocampal and amygdala volume

22
Q

What does stress increase and what effect does this have?

A

Increases glucocorticoids, leading o neuronal loss

23
Q

What are the three main therapeutic goals in BD?

A

Treat symptoms, prevent relapse, reinstate

24
Q

What are the two types of drugs used in treating BD?

A

Adjuncts and mood stabilizers

25
Q

Give an example of an adjunct drug?

A

Modafinil, thyroid

26
Q

Give an example of a mood stabiliser drug?

A

Lithium, anti epileptics, atypical antipsychotics

27
Q

What % effectiveness is lithium?

A

60-80%

28
Q

How does lithium work to treat BD?

A

Alters neuronal excitability in the hippocampus - EPSP’s

29
Q

What two parts of BD is lithium most effective in treating?

A

Manic episodes and suicide

30
Q

What percentage of BD patients relapse on lithium?

A

< 30%

31
Q

A downside of lithium is that is has a N_ T_ W_?

A

Narrow therapeutic window

32
Q

Name three drugs that we learnt about, which treat BD?

A

Lithium, valporic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, ketamine, atypical anti-psychotics

33
Q

How does valporic acid work in treating BD?

A

Increases GABA or inhibits sodium

34
Q

How does carbamazepine work in treating BD?

A

Block voltage sensitive sodium channels

35
Q

How does lamotrigine work in treating BD?

A

Acts on sodium channels / an anticonvulsant

36
Q

Which drug used in treating BD has the least side effects / has some positive side effects? What are they?

A

Lamotrigine: increases cognitive functioning / safe for fetus’

37
Q

What two drugs that are used for treating BD, do we not know how they work?

A

Ketamine and atypical antipsychotics

38
Q

What % of BD patients stop drug treatment?

A

50%

39
Q

What happens when BD patients stop drug treatment?

A

Symptoms worsen / increase in suicide rates

40
Q

What is an alternative to drug therapy is BD treatment?

A

Psychotherapy

41
Q

How does psychotherapy work for BD patients?

A

Psychoeducation: what it is, what happens, how to deal with, how to prevent triggers?

Yr 3.1_Bio Basis of MH (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions