7 Antibiotic Reactions, Use, and Resistance Flashcards
Name three adverse rxns associated w/ antibiotic use.
- Toxicity/intolerance
- Allergic rxns
- Disruption of “normal flora”
Of the three adverse rxns due to antibiotic use, THIS one is very rare.
Allergic rxns (anaphylaxis)
Three types of antibiotic therapy:
- Empiric therapy (broad spectrum)
- Definitive (or targeted) therapy (narrow-spectrum)
- Prophylactic therapy
What factors must be considered when choosing an appropriate antibiotic?
- Pt factors
- Pharmacological factors
- Microbiological factors
If a pt is immunocompromised, would a bacteriostatic or bactericidal antibiotic be more appropriate?
Bactericidal since bacteriostatic antibiotics depend on the pt’s immune sys to clear the bacteria.
These 4 pharmacological factors must be considered before choosing an appropriate antibiotic.
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What is antibiotic resistance?
When a bacteria that was previously able to be killed or inhibited by an antibiotic is no longer affected by it
How can we know that bacteria are resistant?
- Pt doesn’t respond to antibiotic therapy
2. Lab testing
Two methods to determine antibiotic resistance:
- Disk-diffusion method
2. Tube-dilution method
In the disk-diffusion method, what does a large zone of inhibition mean?
It means that the bacteria are more susceptible to the antibiotic.
Term for the lowest concentration of antibiotic that’ll prevent bacterial growth (using the tube-dilution method)
“Minimum Inhibitory Conc” (MIC)
This method of determining antibiotic resistance is useful for proper dosing.
Tube-dilution method
This method of determining antibiotic resistance is useful for determining whether antibiotic resistance is present or absent.
Disk-diffusion method
Using the MIC as a reference, what should the body fluid conc of the antibiotic be?
3-5x higher than the MIC.
A higher MIC indicates…
higher bacterial resistance
